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CJC-1295

CJC-1295 with DAC · CJC-1295 DAC · DAC:GRF · CJC-1295 without DAC · CJC-1295 no DAC · Mod GRF 1-29

CJC-1295 is a lab-made version of a brain hormone that makes the body release growth hormone2. It is not approved in the US or Europe, and we found no published study of fat loss, muscle or healing in people1334.

Illustration: a glass vial with a pink label reading CJC-1295
Illustration, not a real product: an empty glass vial (photo: Missouri Historical Society, public domain) with our label. See every vial.

Quick answers

What is it?
A lab-made copy of part of a brain hormone that tells the body to release growth hormone2. It is promoted for weight loss, muscle, sleep and healing230. Published human studies used only its long-lasting ‘with DAC’ form12.
Does it work?
Not shown. In healthy adults, one ‘with DAC’ dose raised growth hormone for 6 days or more1. We found no study of fat loss, muscle or healing in people1334. The one patient trial was stopped in 2006, and we found no published results2634.
Is it safe?
Unknown over the long term, including cancer risk2. In short studies of the DAC form, headache, flushing, diarrhea and sore injection sites were common, and higher doses raised heart rate25. A participant’s fatal heart attack stopped a 2006 trial; the drug’s role is unclear2.
Is it legal?
Not approved in the US or Europe23. US pharmacies may not make it719, and FDA’s advisers voted against allowing it in December 20248. In Australia, having it without a prescription is illegal23. Banned in sport1024.
What is in the vials?
Often fail lab tests. 124 of Finnrick’s latest 200 tests failed, from May 2025 to September 2026, including, by our count, 43 of 50 samples labeled ‘DAC’9. In 2024, FDA found the one lab report it received lacked tests for impurities and bacterial toxins2.

What it is

CJC-1295 is a lab-made copy of the first 29 amino acids of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). GHRH is the brain hormone that tells the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH), and GH in turn raises IGF-1, a growth factor made mostly in the liver2. Four of the 29 amino acids are swapped to make the chain more stable, for example against DPP-4, a blood enzyme that breaks down natural GHRH23. The name covers two different molecules. CJC-1295 with DAC (‘drug affinity complex’) adds one extra amino acid carrying a reactive group that locks onto albumin, the most common protein in blood, and a single injection keeps working for about a week14. CJC-1295 without DAC, often sold as ‘Mod GRF 1-29’, is the bare 29-amino-acid chain. FDA found no study that gave it to people and none showing that it is even active2. FDA also notes that no study has compared the two forms directly, so it is unproven how much of the DAC form’s long action comes from the albumin hook2. In a small study, the DAC form kept the body’s natural on-off pulses of GH but sharply raised the GH level between pulses5.

ConjuChem Biotechnologies of Montreal developed CJC-1295 with DAC to get around the short half-life of natural GHRH and first described it in 200524. Studies in healthy adults were published in 200615. Its Phase 2 trial in people with HIV started in December 2005 and was terminated6. FDA says ConjuChem withdrew CJC-1295 from clinical trials in 2006 after a participant in that trial died2. According to FDA, the no-DAC form appears to have first been described in the scientific literature in 2010, as an unknown product seized by Norwegian police and customs in 2009211.

Benefits: what the research shows

All the published human data we found come from CJC-1295 with DAC, and all of it measures hormone levels or blood markers in healthy adults151434. In two small placebo-controlled trials, one injection raised average GH 2- to 10-fold for 6 days or more and IGF-1 1.5- to 3-fold for 9 to 11 days. Repeat doses kept IGF-1 above baseline for up to 28 days1. In 12 healthy young men, one dose left the number and size of GH pulses unchanged but, a week later, trough GH was 7.5 times higher, mean GH 46% higher and IGF-1 45% higher25. A follow-up in 11 of those men found shifts in a few blood proteins and measured no health outcomes14. We found no published study that measured fat, muscle, strength, sleep, recovery or any disease outcome in people1334. The only patient trial that FDA found, a Phase 2 study in people with HIV and excess belly fat, was stopped in 2006, and FDA’s 2024 review said its data had not been published26. In 2024 FDA said it had found no effectiveness data for any form of CJC-1295 in growth hormone deficiency, the use proposed to it2. Neither FDA nor our PubMed search found a study that gave CJC-1295 without DAC, the form named on most recently tested samples9, to people, and FDA found none showing whether it is active234. A 2026 review says claims about it are extrapolated from related compounds such as sermorelin23. The only animal study of it we found was a 2016 drug-testing study that gave rats one 0.1 mg injection into a vein and detected the drug in blood up to the last sample, at 8 hours; it measured no effects31. Every animal study we found that measured effects used the DAC form. In rats it gave 4 times the GH output of natural GRF(1-29) and stayed in the blood beyond 72 hours4. In mice bred to lack GHRH, injections every 1 to 3 days for 5 weeks kept lean mass and fat under the skin normal, and only daily doses fully normalized growth215. We rate the entry C because the only human data we found are small, short hormone studies of the DAC form. Two of them were placebo-controlled and have public results, which would usually mean B, but they measured only hormone levels in healthy adults. The no-DAC form named on most recently tested samples is a different molecule, and neither we nor FDA found human data on it; on its own it would rate E.

Key human studies

StudyDesignPeopleDose and routeResult
Teichman et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 20061PubMed · DOI Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose trials (28 and 49 days) in healthy adults aged 21 to 61; 42 and 24 participants per FDA’s summary 66 CJC-1295 with DAC under the skin: one dose of 30, 60, 125 or 250 µg/kg (trial 1); 2 or 3 doses of 20, 30 or 60 µg/kg given weekly or every 2 weeks (trial 2) Mean GH rose 2- to 10-fold for 6 days or more and IGF-1 1.5- to 3-fold for 9 to 11 days after one dose; IGF-1 stayed above baseline up to 28 days with repeat doses; half-life 5.8 to 8.1 days. No serious adverse reactions, but injection-site reactions, headache, flushing and diarrhea were common, more so at 125 and 250 µg/kg; IGF-1 went above the normal range only at 250 µg/kg12.
Ionescu & Frohman, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 20065PubMed · DOI Uncontrolled before-and-after study with blood drawn every 20 minutes overnight, before and 1 week after one dose; healthy men aged 20 to 40 12 One dose of CJC-1295 with DAC under the skin: 60 µg/kg (4 men) or 90 µg/kg (8 men) Number and size of GH pulses unchanged; trough GH up 7.5-fold, mean GH up 46% and IGF-1 up 45%; no difference between doses. No serious adverse events; heart rate rose with dose, and injection sites were red and tender25.
ConjuChem Phase 2 trial in HIV-associated visceral obesity (no published results found)6NCT00267527 Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial planned for 12 weeks; start December 2005; status terminated – CJC-1295 with DAC, as named in the reports summarized by FDA (‘CJC-1295 TFA salt’ in the EU registry), injected under the skin once weekly and escalated over 3 weeks to 120 µg/kg (low dose) or 240 µg/kg (high dose) The US registry lists an enrollment of 120; news reports cited by FDA say 192 were randomized. The trial was stopped after a participant had a heart attack about 2 hours after the 11th weekly dose and died. Its data had not been published as of FDA’s 2024 review, and we found no publication of them2634. The EU registry entry gives the route as under the skin and planned 150 participants, with the change in IGF-1 at 12 weeks as the main outcome32.
Sackmann-Sala et al., Growth Horm IGF Res 200914PubMed · DOI Exploratory blood-protein (proteomic) analysis in a subset of the Ionescu & Frohman participants, before and 1 week after one dose 11 One dose of CJC-1295 with DAC under the skin, 60 to 90 µg/kg Five blood-protein spots changed, including forms of apolipoprotein A1 and transthyretin; proposed as possible markers of GH action; no clinical outcomes measured14.

Doses studied

Doses below are what studies used or what a label says. They are not advice, and gray-market products may not contain what their label says.

In human studies

Published human studies gave only the DAC form. Healthy adults received one under-the-skin dose of 30, 60, 125 or 250 µg/kg, or 2 or 3 doses of 20 to 60 µg/kg given weekly or every 2 weeks; the authors judged 30 and 60 µg/kg best tolerated12. The pulsatility study used one dose of 60 or 90 µg/kg5. The stopped Phase 2 trial in HIV used once-weekly doses escalated over 3 weeks to 120 or 240 µg/kg, according to reports summarized by FDA2. In the published studies of healthy adults, most participants got a single injection and none got more than three12. FDA found no study that gave CJC-1295 without DAC to people, and we found no published human study of either form combined with ipamorelin234.

In animal studies

Rats: single under-the-skin doses of the DAC form (1 µmol/kg, per FDA) gave 4 times the GH output of natural GRF(1-29) over 2 hours, with drug still in the blood beyond 72 hours24. Mice lacking GHRH: 2 µg every 24, 48 or 72 hours for 5 weeks, under the skin in week 1 and into the abdomen after that; only daily dosing fully normalized growth215. Rats given injections into a vein every other day for 14 days (0.25 to 4 mg/kg) and dogs given daily injections under the skin (2 to 18 mg/kg a day for 14 days, or 40 mg/kg a day for 7 days) had bleeding, inflammation and minimal to mild tissue death at the injection sites at every dose, in studies FDA says were published only as abstracts2. Rats (no-DAC form): one 0.1 mg injection into a vein in a drug-testing study; the drug was still detectable at the last sample, 8 hours later, and no effects were measured31.

What users report Anecdotal · not validated · not a recommendation

A 2026 medical review compiled bodybuilding-forum reports: 1 to 2 mg a week under the skin, in 1 or 2 injections, for the DAC form, and 100 to 200 µg per injection, once or twice a day, for the no-DAC form3.

Half-life
About 6 to 8 days (with DAC); none found without DAC1Estimated 5.8 to 8.1 days after an under-the-skin injection of CJC-1295 with DAC in healthy adults1. FDA’s review of the same trials gives mean estimates of 5.4 to 9.2 days2, the Ionescu 2006 paper cites 8 days5, and a 2009 paper cites 8 to 10 days14. We found no published half-life for CJC-1295 without DAC234. FDA notes that no study has compared the two forms directly2.
Routes
  • Subcutaneous injection (the only route in the published human studies we found, all of the DAC form)
  • Oral tablets and troches (advertised by some websites per FDA’s 2024 review; no human data found)

Every dose studied for CJC-1295, with sources →

Quality and the gray market

What testing finds

Finnrick, a service that publishes lab results for peptide samples, lists 333 CJC-1295 tests from 69 vendors (17 December 2024 to 24 September 2026). Of the 200 most recent (16 May 2025 to 24 September 2026), 124 failed, 75 passed and 1 was incomplete: a 62% fail rate among completed tests. By our count of the listed results, 43 of 50 ‘DAC’ samples failed, as did 63 of 124 completed ‘No DAC’ samples and 18 of 25 samples labeled only ‘CJC-1295’. The pass mark is purity of at least 99.5% with the measured amount within 35% of the label9. The page does not say why samples failed, and senders choose what to test, so this is not a random survey. Seized products can also contain look-alikes: Danish customs found ‘modified GRF 1-29’ with an extra amino acid (glycine) attached26. In 2024 FDA concluded that no form of CJC-1295 was well characterized. The one certificate of analysis submitted to it lacked tests for impurities, aggregates and endotoxins2.

How it is sold

Sold online as ‘research use only’ powder. FDA’s 2024 review found the no-DAC form in 2, 5 and 10 mg vials and the DAC form in 2 and 5 mg vials. It also found blends of no-DAC CJC-1295 with ipamorelin, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, ‘fragment 176-191’ and tesamorelin, other blends that did not say which form they held, and clinic websites offering appointments for CJC-1295 therapy2. On 30 September 2026, CJC-1295 and ipamorelin blends appeared on vendor popularity-sorted lists under names such as ‘FIT Stack’ and ‘CJC & Ipa’2728. By our count from the chart data on Finnrick’s June 2026 insights page, CJC-1295 drew 370 of 21,253 test requests from May 2025, the month Finnrick launched free public testing, to May 2026 (1.7%); its monthly count went from 6 to 36, with a peak of 4229. A 2016 study of women’s forum posts found that people chose it for weight loss, muscle, younger-looking skin, sleep and injury healing30. A 2026 medical review names both forms among the GH-axis peptides most often seen in clinical practice and online self-use3.

Side effects and risks

  • Unknown risks for the no-DAC form: FDA found no study that gave it to people and no pharmacology, pharmacokinetic or toxicity study of it2.
  • Short-term effects of the DAC form in healthy adults: injection-site reactions in about 70% (trial 1) and in every active-dose participant (trial 2), headache (63% vs 14% on placebo in trial 1; 20% to 80% across dose groups vs 50% on placebo in trial 2), diarrhea, and flushing with warmth and brief drops in blood pressure (30% in trial 1). Heart rate rose with dose in a second study25.
  • Heart: a participant in the stopped Phase 2 trial died of a heart attack. The treating doctor thought coronary artery disease that had caused no symptoms was the most likely cause, and the data had not been published as of FDA’s 2024 review, so a drug link can be neither confirmed nor ruled out2.
  • Raised GH and IGF-1 for days after each DAC dose, above the normal range at 250 µg/kg. FDA says it has no data suggesting CJC-1295 would avoid the risks on GH labels, including tumors, diabetes, raised pressure inside the skull and fluid retention12.
  • Animal findings: bleeding, inflammation and tissue death at injection sites in rats and dogs, signs of DNA damage in cell and animal tests. Because FDA found no long-term animal cancer studies, pituitary overgrowth or tumors with long-term use cannot be ruled out2.
  • Immune reactions and impurities: FDA warns that injected CJC-1295 could provoke immune responses because of clumping (aggregation) and peptide impurities218.
  • Wrong or poor product: most recent Finnrick samples failed, and the naming of the two forms is inconsistent29.
  • Legal and anti-doping risk: banned in sport at all times; in Australia, possession without a prescription is illegal1023.

Documented harms

  • 2006ConjuChem’s Phase 2 trial of CJC-1295 with DAC in people with HIV was stopped after a participant had chest discomfort about 2 hours after the 11th weekly dose. An ECG confirmed a heart attack, and the participant died about an hour later. The attending physician’s most likely explanation was coronary artery disease that had caused no symptoms. FDA’s account relies on two 2006 online news reports; the trial data had not been published as of FDA’s 2024 review2.
  • 10 Jun 2024FDA’s search of its adverse event database (FAERS) through 10 June 2024 found only two reports for any form of CJC-1295, and neither could be assessed: one lacked detail and one reported no adverse event. A literature search found no US case reports, and FDA’s food and supplement database (CAERS) had no cases from 2004 to 22 April 20242.
  • 2026As of openFDA’s 30 July 2026 update, six FAERS reports received from 2014 to 2026 name a CJC-1295 product, all also naming another product or ingredient (in one, ipamorelin in the same blend). The three received in 2026 were all marked serious: a 65-year-old woman who injected a CJC-1295/ipamorelin product under the skin reported a hypersensitivity reaction (marked life-threatening); a 36-year-old woman who used BPC-157 and CJC-1295 reported illness and a suspected product quality issue; and a 19-year-old man who also used tesamorelin, retatrutide and another unapproved product was hospitalized with a reported heart attack and acute kidney injury. FAERS reports are unverified and cannot show which product, if any, caused an event33.

Questions people ask

What is the difference between CJC-1295 with DAC and without DAC?

Both share the same 29-amino-acid chain. The DAC version adds a chemical hook that binds albumin in the blood, and its half-life in people is about a week14. Its developers credit the hook for the long action, but FDA notes that no study has compared the two forms24. The no-DAC version (Mod GRF 1-29) lacks the hook, and FDA found no study measuring its half-life or effects in people2.

Is CJC-1295 FDA approved?

No. It is not approved for any use, and FDA’s compounding advisers voted against allowing pharmacies to use any form of it in 202428.

Does CJC-1295 work for fat loss or muscle growth?

We found no published study in people34. The DAC form raised GH and IGF-1 in healthy adults for days, and in mice bred to lack GHRH it kept lean mass and fat normal, but higher hormone levels are not the same as proven fat loss, muscle gain or better recovery in people1315.

Is CJC-1295 safe?

Short studies of the DAC form in healthy adults reported no serious reactions, but side effects were common12. The only patient trial was stopped after a participant’s fatal heart attack, and long-term safety is unknown for both forms2.

Why is CJC-1295 stacked with ipamorelin?

Websites promoting it claim the two work together to release more GH2. We found no published human study of the combination, and a 2026 review calls the practice ‘largely driven by anecdotal rationale’334.

Is CJC-1295 banned in sports?

Yes. WADA names CJC-1295 under S2.2.4 (GHRH analogues), prohibited in and out of competition, in both the 2026 and 2027 Lists1024.

What is still unknown

  • Whether the 2006 Phase 2 trial death was related to CJC-1295 cannot be judged: the data had not been published as of FDA’s 2024 review, and the original 2006 news reports (aidsmap, NATAP) could not be opened for this review.
  • The half-life, potency and safety of the no-DAC form (Mod GRF 1-29) in people have not been reported.
  • How much of the DAC form’s long action comes from the albumin hook rather than the four amino-acid swaps has not been shown (FDA).
  • Effects of months of repeated use, including IGF-1 exposure, pituitary effects and cancer risk, are unknown for both forms.
  • Why Finnrick samples failed (wrong compound, low purity or wrong amount) is not public, so it is unknown how often ‘DAC’ vials actually contain the DAC form.
  • The Phase 2 trial’s US registry enrollment (120), its EU registry’s planned enrollment (150) and the reported number randomized (192) differ.
  • UK rules on possession and import were not checked.

Sources

  1. 1Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Mar 2006. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  2. 2FDA Briefing Document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting of December 4, 2024: CJC-1295-related bulk drug substances U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 15 Nov 2024. fda.gov
  3. 3The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration Frontiers in Endocrinology, 18 Jun 2026. frontiersin.org
  4. 4Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog Endocrinology, Jul 2005. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  5. 5Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Dec 2006. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  6. 6A Study to Evaluate CJC 1295 in HIV Patients With Visceral Obesity (NCT00267527) ClinicalTrials.gov, 16 Oct 2006. clinicaltrials.gov
  7. 7Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (categories list) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 14 May 2026. fda.gov
  8. 8Final Summary Minutes of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting, December 4, 2024 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 21 Feb 2025. fda.gov
  9. 9CJC-1295: safety testing results and vendor ratings Finnrick, 24 Sep 2026. finnrick.com
  10. 10World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List 2026 World Anti-Doping Agency, 24 Sep 2025. wada-ama.org
  11. 11Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation Drug Testing and Analysis, Nov 2010. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  12. 12CJC-1295 without DAC (Tyr-D-Ala-...-Arg-NH2), PubChem compound summary (CID 56841945) PubChem, U.S. National Library of Medicine, accessed 1 Oct 2026. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  13. 13CJC 1295 (with DAC), PubChem compound summary (CID 91971820) PubChem, U.S. National Library of Medicine, accessed 1 Oct 2026. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  14. 14Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects Growth Hormone & IGF Research, Dec 2009. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  15. 15Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dec 2006. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  16. 1621 CFR Part 1308, Schedules of Controlled Substances (eCFR, as of 25 September 2026) Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), 25 Sep 2026. ecfr.gov
  17. 17Utah Licensed Osteopathic Physician Indicted for Allegedly Receiving Misbranded Drugs from China and Selling them to Patients U.S. Attorney’s Office, District of Utah, 1 Apr 2026. justice.gov
  18. 18Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22 Apr 2026. fda.gov
  19. 19Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (categories list) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 21 Mar 2025. fda.gov
  20. 20Think twice before injecting peptides bought online: unauthorized products can seriously harm you (RA-81874) Health Canada, 9 Apr 2026. recalls-rappels.canada.ca
  21. 21Unauthorized injectable peptide drugs seized from Optimum Wellness Centre in Calgary, Alberta may pose serious health risks (RA-77218) Health Canada, 1 Apr 2025. recalls-rappels.canada.ca
  22. 22Prescription Drug List: Human Use Health Canada (Drug and Health Product Register), accessed 30 Sep 2026. hpr-rps.hres.ca
  23. 23Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—October 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L01327) Federal Register of Legislation, Australian Government, 28 Sep 2026. legislation.gov.au
  24. 24World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List 2027 World Anti-Doping Agency, 21 Sep 2026. wada-ama.org
  25. 25Triathlon Athlete Accepts Sanction for Anti-Doping Rule Violations U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, 17 Sep 2025. usada.org
  26. 26Glycine-modified growth hormone secretagogues identified in seized doping material Drug Testing and Analysis, Feb 2019. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  27. 27Ascension Peptides shop page sorted by popularity Ascension Peptides (vendor), accessed 30 Sep 2026. ascensionpeptides.com (seller page, deliberately not linked)
  28. 28Prime Peptides shop page sorted by popularity Prime Peptides (vendor), accessed 30 Sep 2026. primepeptides.co (seller page, deliberately not linked)
  29. 29We’d Rather Buy the Future Than Wait For It Finnrick, 10 Jun 2026. finnrick.com
  30. 30Netnography of Female Use of the Synthetic Growth Hormone CJC-1295: Pulses and Potions Substance Use & Misuse, 2 Jan 2016. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  31. 31Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, May 2016. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  32. 32A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CJC-1295 administered for 12 weeks in HIV-Infected Patients with HIV-associated Visceral Obesity (EudraCT 2005-003797-25) EU Clinical Trials Register (European Medicines Agency), 7 Sep 2005. clinicaltrialsregister.eu
  33. 33FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) reports naming CJC-1295, retrieved via the openFDA drug/event API U.S. Food and Drug Administration (openFDA), 30 Jul 2026. api.fda.gov · data query
  34. 34PubMed search: (“CJC-1295” OR CJC1295 OR “CJC 1295” OR “DAC:GRF” OR “modified GRF” OR “mod GRF”) (44 results) National Library of Medicine (PubMed), accessed 8 Oct 2026. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Not medical advice. This page reports what studies and regulators say; it does not recommend using any product. How we grade evidence · Report an error.