Pinc PeptideThe girly peptide research blog

Growth hormone axis · Evidence tier B · #13 in test requests

Sermorelin

Geref (discontinued US brand) · Geref Diagnostic (discontinued US brand) · sermorelin acetate · GHRH(1-29)NH2 · GRF(1-29)NH2 · hGHRH(1-29)NH2

Sermorelin is a lab-made piece of a brain hormone that tells the body to release growth hormone. Once approved in the US for children, it was discontinued in 2008, and its studies in adults are small and short12.

Last reviewed · First published · 46 sources · 28 min read · By the Pinc Peptide editors

Illustration: a glass vial with a pink label reading Sermorelin
Illustration, not a real product: an empty glass vial (photo: Missouri Historical Society, public domain) with our label. See every vial.

Quick answers

What is it?
A lab-made copy of part of a brain hormone that tells the body to release growth hormone1718. It was once an approved medicine for children who make too little growth hormone13. It is promoted for anti-aging, fat loss and muscle1242.
Does it work?
In children who make too little growth hormone, it sped up growth, but growth hormone treatment did as well or better456. For anti-aging, small trials in older adults found small effects, and researchers said these did not yet support routine use289.
Is it safe?
Unknown over the long term: the adult trials we found lasted 6 months or less28. In children, flushing and pain at the injection site were the most common side effects20. FDA’s database holds unverified reports of severe allergic reactions44.
Is it legal?
No longer approved. Its maker stopped selling it in 2008131. US pharmacies can probably make it with a prescription1011. In 2024 FDA called one seller’s ‘research use only’ sermorelin an unapproved drug12. Prescription-only in Canada and Australia3537. Banned in sport1516.
What is in the vials?
Often flawed. FDA lists 92 recalled sermorelin products from 2012 to 2025, mostly because they might not be sterile, and one held bacteria13. More than half of tested ‘research’ vials failed: 27 of 48 completed Finnrick tests, April 2025 to September 202614.

What it is

Sermorelin is a synthetic peptide made of the first 29 of the 44 amino acids of human growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), with an amide group capping the end1718. GHRH is the hormone the brain uses to tell the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH). This short piece is enough to switch on the GHRH receptor. FDA calls GHRH(1-29) ‘a fully functional sequence’ of the natural hormone19, and a 1999 review called sermorelin the shortest synthetic peptide with the full biological activity of GHRH20. Because it acts upstream of GH, the body’s own controls stay in place: GH raises IGF-1, a growth factor made mainly in the liver, and IGF-1 feeds back to limit further GH release9. Sermorelin itself is cleared within minutes. After an IV infusion in healthy men, its blood level fell by half in about 4 minutes21. The GH response lasts longer: after an IV dose, GH stayed raised for about 3 hours22.

Researchers isolated GHRH in 1982 from a pancreatic tumor that had caused acromegaly, a disease of excess growth hormone, and showed that a lab-made copy of the 44-amino-acid peptide was fully active23. In 1984 a study in rat pituitary cells found that the shorter 1-29 amide kept about half of the full peptide’s potency24. Geref (sermorelin acetate), the 1-29 amide, was a Serono Laboratories product, and EMD Serono held its US approvals19. FDA approved it on 28 December 1990 as a diagnostic test and on 26 September 1997 as a treatment for children3.

Benefits: what the research shows

The strongest human data come from children with growth hormone deficiency, the use FDA approved. An open-label study (no comparison group) gave 110 children 30 µg/kg under the skin at bedtime. In the 86 who were analyzed, average growth rose from 4.1 cm a year to 8.0 cm at 6 months and 7.2 cm at 12 months4. Two small randomized trials, in which children were assigned to treatments by chance, compared sermorelin with growth hormone for 6 months. In one (43 children), the lower dose gave the least growth, the higher dose gave growth comparable to growth hormone, and only growth hormone improved height relative to bone age5. In the other (60 children), growth hormone gave 14.6 cm a year versus 9.2 and 9.3 cm with the two sermorelin doses, and 39 of 40 children on sermorelin made antibodies to it6. A 1999 review said its effect on final adult height was yet to be determined20. Adult data are small, short and mostly about hormone levels. In 10 healthy older men, 1 mg twice daily for 14 days raised 24-hour GH and IGF-1 to young-adult levels, while 0.5 mg twice daily did not do so significantly7. In 11 older men, 2 mg nightly for 6 weeks raised night-time GH but not IGF-1, left muscle and fat on body scans unchanged, and improved 2 of 6 strength measures25. The largest placebo-controlled trial we found gave 89 healthy older adults daily GHRH or placebo (a dummy treatment) for 6 months; the GHRH group scored better on several thinking tests8. The paper does not name the drug, but its registry record and a 2001 report by the same team point to sermorelin (Geref) at about 1 mg each evening926. That 2001 report gave early results: a drop of about 5% in percent body fat in men and in women not taking estrogen, slightly worse self-rated sleep that the authors said might be a nonspecific finding, and few side effects9. In a 2003 review the investigators concluded the results ‘do not yet support the routine use’ of GHRH in normal aging2, and a 2026 review still called benefits in healthy people uncertain27. A 2017 chart review found IGF-1 rose from about 160 to 239 ng/mL in 14 men on testosterone who took sermorelin with GHRP-2 and GHRP-6, but it had no control group and used a blend28. Some studies often cited as sermorelin evidence used a different molecule, such as GHRH(1-29) with norleucine at position 27, and do not count here29. We found no trial of sermorelin for fat loss, muscle gain, recovery or sports performance in young, healthy adults. On ClinicalTrials.gov (searched 1 October 2026), the only records that name it, as Geref, involve one IV dose in a diagnostic test30. In one of them, that test was not done because Geref was unavailable in the US30.

Key human studies

StudyDesignPeopleDose and routeResult
Thorner et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 19964PubMed · DOI Multicenter open-label study (no control group), up to 12 months; previously untreated prepubertal children with GH deficiency 110 30 µg/kg subcutaneous once daily at bedtime Height velocity rose from 4.1 to 8.0 cm/yr at 6 months and 7.2 cm/yr at 12 months (86 children analyzed); 74% were good responders at 6 months; no change in fasting glucose and no excess IGF-14.
Chen et al., Acta Paediatr Suppl 19936PubMed · DOI Randomized, 3 equal groups, 6 months: sermorelin at two doses vs growth hormone; children with hypothalamic GH deficiency 60 30 or 60 µg/kg/day as a continuous infusion (per the abstract); GH 0.1 IU/kg/day Height velocity 9.2 and 9.3 cm/yr on sermorelin vs 14.6 cm/yr on GH (p<0.01). IGF-1 rose, then fell back to baseline. 39 of 40 sermorelin patients made GHRH antibodies, mostly gone 9 months after stopping; 3 had mild injection-site irritation6.
Neyzi et al., Acta Paediatr Suppl 19935PubMed · DOI Randomized, 3 groups, 6 months: low- or high-dose sermorelin vs growth hormone; prepubertal children with hypothalamic GH deficiency 43 30 or 60 µg/kg/day subcutaneous in 3 daily doses; GH 0.1 IU/kg/day once daily Growth was slowest on the low dose; the high dose was comparable to GH; only GH raised height SDS for bone age5.
Vitiello et al., Neurobiol Aging 20068PubMed · DOI · NCT00000380 Placebo-controlled trial, 6 months; healthy older adults (mean age 68) 89 Daily GHRH injection; the investigators’ 2001 report describes about 1 mg (14 µg/kg) sermorelin acetate under the skin each evening Better scores than placebo on WAIS-R performance IQ, picture arrangement, finding A’s and verbal sets (each p<0.01) and a single-dual task (p<0.04), regardless of sex or estrogen use8.
Corpas et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 19927PubMed · DOI Two doses given in random order, 14 days each with a 14-day break; healthy older men (mean age 68), with 9 untreated young men as reference 10 0.5 mg or 1 mg subcutaneous twice daily Only 1 mg twice daily significantly raised 24-hour GH and IGF-1, to young-men levels; phosphate rose; no change in fasting glucose, blood pressure or routine blood tests; no clinical outcomes reported7.
Vittone et al., Metabolism 199725PubMed · DOI Uncontrolled before-and-after study, 6 weeks; healthy men aged 64 to 76 with low IGF-1 11 2 mg subcutaneous self-injection nightly Night-time GH rose, but IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and GH-binding protein did not; 2 of 6 strength measures and one endurance test improved; no change in weight, DEXA muscle or fat, glucose, insulin or lipids; no significant adverse effects25.

Doses studied

Doses below are what studies used or what a label says. They are not advice, and gray-market products may not contain what their label says.

In human studies

Label-era use: one IV dose of 1 µg/kg for the diagnostic test, and 30 µg/kg under the skin once daily at bedtime for children with GH deficiency420. Pediatric trials also gave 30 or 60 µg/kg a day, split into three injections or as a continuous infusion56. Adult studies used 0.5 or 1 mg under the skin twice daily for 14 days, 2 mg nightly for 6 weeks, and about 1 mg (14 µg/kg) each evening for 5 to 6 months7925. In healthy men, about 50 µg/kg in the nose released as much GH as 1 µg/kg IV22. A 6-month pilot in 8 children with GH deficiency gave 50 µg/kg in the nose three times a day; height growth did not increase, and the authors judged the nasal form unsuitable for children46. We found no trial that tested the fixed microgram doses, on-off cycles or blends with GHRP-2, GHRP-6 or ipamorelin that are common today. The only blend data we found come from an uncontrolled chart review of 100 µg each of sermorelin, GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 three times daily28.

In animal studies

Not applicable or not reported.

What users report Anecdotal · not validated · not a recommendation

A peptide-information website (updated 10 August 2026) lists 100 to 300 µg once a day38. A 2026 medical review quotes a bodybuilding forum at 200 to 300 µg once a day27.

Half-life
About 4 minutes (4.3 ± 1.4 min, mean ± SE)21Disappearance half-time in blood, measured in 10 healthy men given a 90-minute IV infusion of 25 ng/kg per minute. This is the half-life of sermorelin itself; the GH it releases stays raised for hours. No half-life after under-the-skin injection was found in the sources we opened.
Routes
  • Subcutaneous injection (the approved treatment route; most human data)
  • Intravenous injection (the approved diagnostic test; pharmacology studies)
  • Continuous infusion (pediatric trials)
  • Intranasal (studied in healthy men, only 3 to 5% absorbed, and in a small pilot in children)
  • Oral tablets (sold by compounders; no human data found)

Every dose studied for Sermorelin, with sources →

Quality and the gray market

What testing finds

FDA’s recall database lists 92 recalled sermorelin products from recalls started between 2012 and 2025. Nearly all were compounded injections, often blended with GHRP-2, GHRP-6 or ipamorelin, and 81 of the 92 cite sterility problems, mostly ‘lack of assurance of sterility’. Two were Class I, FDA’s most serious class: a sermorelin/GHRP-6 injection in 2013 and another in 2016 in which Bacillus circulans bacteria were found. Other recalls covered a sub-potent batch in 2022 and, in 2018, bulk sermorelin powder whose stability data did not support its expiry date13. The latest, started 30 July 2025, included 10 mg sermorelin vials from a Florida outsourcing facility; FDA’s 20 January 2026 warning letter to that facility cited ‘serious deficiencies’ in its drug-production practices1339. For gray-market ‘research’ vials, Finnrick lists 49 sermorelin tests from 14 vendors between 20 April 2025 and 14 September 2026: 21 passed, 27 failed and 1 was incomplete, a 56% fail rate among completed tests. Its default pass mark is purity of at least 99.5% with the measured amount within 35% of the label14. Samples are chosen by the people who send them, so this is not a random survey, and the public page does not say why each sample failed.

How it is sold

Sold online as ‘research use only’ products, alone (for example 5 mg) or blended with ipamorelin, GHRP-2 or GHRP-6. On 1 October 2026 one shop’s popularity-sorted list ranked its 5 mg sermorelin product 8th of 104, at a sale price of $4840. FDA says such labels do not change a product’s legal status when the seller’s claims show it is meant for people12. Demand is modest: by our count of the monthly chart in Finnrick’s report on test requests, sermorelin drew 188 of 21,253 requests (0.9%) from May 2025 to May 202641. It is also sold as a compounded prescription drug, and FDA’s recall records name compounded vials, prefilled cartridges, syringes and orally disintegrating tablets13. A 2006 editorial promoted sermorelin as an alternative to growth hormone in ‘age management’ and argued that, unlike growth hormone, its off-label prescribing ‘is not prohibited by federal law’42. Geref was still an approved drug then; FDA withdrew its approvals in 200931. Reuters reported on 12 August 2026 that the chief executive of telehealth company Hims & Hers told investors it would sell ‘peptides already legal for manufacturing’, including sermorelin, NAD+ and glutathione, by the end of 202643.

Side effects and risks

  • Unknown long-term effects of raising GH and IGF-1 in healthy adults: the adult trials we found lasted 6 months or less, and the investigators judged the data insufficient for routine use28.
  • Antibodies: in one pediatric trial, 39 of 40 children on sermorelin made antibodies against it. They had almost disappeared 9 months after stopping, and antibody levels did not correlate with growth6.
  • Flushing and injection-site pain were the most common side effects in the approved pediatric use20. FDA’s adverse event database includes reports coded as anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction44.
  • Sleep: in older adults, an early analysis found slightly worse self-rated sleep after months of nightly use, which the investigators said might be nonspecific9. Their 2003 review said treatment did not improve sleep2.
  • Sterility, contamination and dose errors in compounded and gray-market products, shown by repeated recalls and frequent test failures1314.
  • Blends add a second drug: many products mix sermorelin with GHRP-2, GHRP-6 or ipamorelin, and we found no controlled trial that tested these combinations2840.
  • Anti-doping: athletes risk a violation in or out of competition15.

Documented harms

  • 1 Aug 2016Class I recall of a compounded sermorelin/GHRP-6 injection from a New Jersey pharmacy after contamination with Bacillus circulans bacteria was found; 12 vials were involved13.
  • 9 Jul 2021A Texas compounder recalled a sermorelin/ipamorelin injection for lack of sterility assurance. FDA’s 26 January 2022 warning letter said vials exposed to a lapse in sterile technique were used to make a sermorelin/ipamorelin lot, and that the firm cleaned glassware with household dish detergent45.
  • 30 Jul 2025A Florida outsourcing facility began a recall of its sterile drugs, including sermorelin 10 mg vials, for lack of sterility assurance or microbial contamination, after an FDA inspection in July 20251339.
  • 30 Jul 2026FDA’s adverse event database (FAERS, via openFDA, data updated 30 July 2026) holds 60 reports that mention a sermorelin product, received from 26 October 2009 to 26 May 2026. Sermorelin was a suspect drug in 31; 23 of these were serious, including 9 hospitalizations and 4 coded life-threatening, and none reported a death. Coded reactions in those 31 included anaphylaxis (4 reports), seizure (2), loss of consciousness (2), hypersensitivity, hives or itching (12) and injection-site or injection-related reactions (7); 3 involved the wrong product or a dispensing error. Reports are unverified and do not prove the drug caused the event44.

Questions people ask

Is sermorelin FDA approved?

Not anymore. FDA approved it as Geref in 1990 and 1997, the maker discontinued it in 2008, and FDA withdrew the approvals in 2009131. In 2013 FDA found the withdrawal was not for safety or effectiveness reasons1.

Can a compounding pharmacy legally make sermorelin?

Most likely yes, with a prescription. FDA’s 503B list flags sermorelin acetate as a component of an FDA-approved drug, which is one of the routes 503A allows1011. We found no FDA statement confirming this for sermorelin, and in 2024 FDA called one seller’s ‘research use only’ sermorelin an unapproved drug because its website showed it was for people12.

Sermorelin vs growth hormone: which works better?

For growth in children with GH deficiency, growth hormone did as well or better in both randomized comparisons56. We found no trial that compared them in adults. Sermorelin acts on the pituitary gland, making it release growth hormone, and one form of Geref was approved to test whether the pituitary can release GH11920.

Is sermorelin the same as CJC-1295 or Mod GRF 1-29?

No. Sermorelin is the unmodified first 29 amino acids of human GHRH18. CJC-1295, sold as ‘Mod GRF 1-29’ in its no-DAC form, changes 4 of those 29 amino acids, and the DAC version adds a chemical group meant to make it last longer. FDA has not approved either form1940.

Does sermorelin help with anti-aging, fat loss or sleep?

The evidence is thin: in small trials in older adults it raised GH and IGF-1 and improved some thinking tests89. Early results also showed percent body fat down by about 5% in men and in women not taking estrogen9. It did not improve sleep, and the investigators said the results did not yet support routine use in aging29.

Is sermorelin banned in sports?

Yes. WADA names sermorelin under S2.2.4, prohibited in and out of competition, in both the 2026 and 2027 Lists1516.

What is still unknown

  • Whether a USP or NF monograph for sermorelin acetate exists was not checked. We found no sermorelin-specific 503A statement from FDA; the compounding conclusion rests on the ‘**’ flag on FDA’s 503B list and FDA’s general 503A rules.
  • Long-term safety of months or years of use in healthy adults is unknown; no adult trial longer than 6 months was found.
  • We found no controlled trial of sermorelin for fat loss, muscle gain, recovery or athletic performance in young, healthy adults, or of blends with GHRP-2, GHRP-6 or ipamorelin.
  • The 2006 cognition trial (Vitiello et al.) does not name the drug in its abstract; its identification as sermorelin rests on its registry record and the investigators’ 2001 report.
  • No study of final adult height after sermorelin treatment in children was found; a 1999 review said the effect was yet to be determined.
  • No half-life after under-the-skin injection was found; the 4-minute figure comes from IV infusion.
  • Why gray-market sermorelin samples fail Finnrick tests (low purity, wrong amount or wrong compound) is not public.
  • Why EMD Serono discontinued Geref in 2008 is not stated in the FDA documents we opened.
  • Australia: whether the Poisons Standard’s GHRH group entry or customs import controls on ‘growth hormone releasing hormones’ also capture sermorelin was not confirmed. UK and EU status not verified.

Sources

  1. 1Determination That GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.5 Milligrams Base/Vial and 1.0 Milligrams Base/Vial, and GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.05 Milligrams Base/Amp, Were Not Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness (78 FR 14095) Federal Register (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), 4 Mar 2013. federalregister.gov
  2. 2Growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone secretagogues in normal aging Endocrine, Oct 2003. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  3. 3Drugs@FDA records for sermorelin acetate (Geref, NDA 019863 and NDA 020443), via the openFDA API U.S. Food and Drug Administration (openFDA), 29 Sep 2026. api.fda.gov · data query
  4. 4Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy (Geref International Study Group) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Mar 1996. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  5. 5Growth response to growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 compared with growth hormone Acta Paediatrica Supplement, Mar 1993. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  6. 6A comparative study of growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 for stimulation of growth in children with GH deficiency Acta Paediatrica Supplement, Mar 1993. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  7. 7Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Aug 1992. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  8. 8Growth hormone releasing hormone improves the cognition of healthy older adults Neurobiology of Aging, Feb 2006. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  9. 9Treating age-related changes in somatotrophic hormones, sleep, and cognition Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, Sep 2001. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  10. 10Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (categories list) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 21 Mar 2025. fda.gov
  11. 11Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 14 May 2026. fda.gov
  12. 12Warning letter to Xcel Research LLC (MARCS-CMS 694608) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10 Dec 2024. fda.gov
  13. 13FDA drug recall (enforcement report) records naming sermorelin, via the openFDA drug/enforcement API U.S. Food and Drug Administration (openFDA), 23 Sep 2026. api.fda.gov · data query
  14. 14Sermorelin: safety testing results and vendor ratings Finnrick, 14 Sep 2026. finnrick.com
  15. 15World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List 2026 World Anti-Doping Agency, 24 Sep 2025. wada-ama.org
  16. 16World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List 2027 World Anti-Doping Agency, 21 Sep 2026. wada-ama.org
  17. 17UniProtKB P01286 (SLIB_HUMAN): somatoliberin, human growth hormone-releasing hormone precursor UniProt Consortium, 2 Sep 2026. uniprot.org
  18. 18Sermorelin, PubChem compound record (CID 16132413): formula and molecular weight PubChem (U.S. National Library of Medicine), accessed 1 Oct 2026. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  19. 19FDA Briefing Document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting of December 4, 2024: CJC-1295-related bulk drug substances U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 15 Nov 2024. fda.gov
  20. 20Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency BioDrugs, Aug 1999. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  21. 21Incorporation of D-Ala2 in growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 increases the half-life and decreases metabolic clearance in normal men The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Oct 1994. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  22. 22Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration Acta Paediatrica Supplement, Mar 1993. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  23. 23Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly Science, 5 Nov 1982. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  24. 24Synthesis and in vitro bioactivity of C-terminal deleted analogs of human growth hormone-releasing factor Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 17 Sep 1984. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  25. 25Effects of single nightly injections of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29) in healthy elderly men Metabolism, Jan 1997. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  26. 26Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Treatment for Age-Related Sleep Disturbances (NCT00000380), registry record ClinicalTrials.gov, 3 Dec 2015. clinicaltrials.gov
  27. 27The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration Frontiers in Endocrinology, 18 Jun 2026. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  28. 28Growth Hormone Secretagogue Treatment in Hypogonadal Men Raises Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels American Journal of Men’s Health, Nov 2017. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  29. 29Endocrine and metabolic effects of long-term administration of [Nle27]growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 in age-advanced men and women The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, May 1997. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  30. 30ClinicalTrials.gov search for ‘sermorelin’ (42 records; none names sermorelin, and 3 name Geref, in a GHRH-arginine test) ClinicalTrials.gov, accessed 1 Oct 2026. clinicaltrials.gov
  31. 31Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. et al.; Withdrawal of Approval of 92 New Drug Applications and 49 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (74 FR 23407) Federal Register (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), 19 May 2009. federalregister.gov
  32. 3221 CFR Part 1308, Schedules of Controlled Substances (eCFR, as of 25 September 2026) Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR), 25 Sep 2026. ecfr.gov
  33. 33Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (categories list) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 14 May 2026. fda.gov
  34. 34Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22 Apr 2026. fda.gov
  35. 35Prescription Drug List: Human Use Health Canada (Drug and Health Product Register), accessed 30 Sep 2026. hpr-rps.hres.ca
  36. 36Unauthorized injectable peptide drugs seized and sold by Canada Peptide may pose serious health risks (RA-77807) Health Canada, 1 Aug 2025. recalls-rappels.canada.ca
  37. 37Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—October 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L01327) Federal Register of Legislation, Australian Government, 28 Sep 2026. legislation.gov.au
  38. 38Sermorelin Dosage, Safety & Stacks Peptide Initiative, 10 Aug 2026. peptideinitiative.com
  39. 39Warning letter to GenoGenix LLC (MARCS-CMS 718739) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 20 Jan 2026. fda.gov
  40. 40Core Peptides shop page sorted by popularity Core Peptides (vendor), accessed 1 Oct 2026. corepeptides.com (seller page, deliberately not linked)
  41. 41We’d Rather Buy the Future Than Wait For It Finnrick, 10 Jun 2026. finnrick.com
  42. 42Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? (editorial) Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2006. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  43. 43As Hims prepares for peptides launch, Wall Street cautious on prospects this year Reuters (via Yahoo Finance), 12 Aug 2026. finance.yahoo.com
  44. 44FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) reports naming a sermorelin product, via the openFDA drug/event API U.S. Food and Drug Administration (openFDA), 30 Jul 2026. api.fda.gov · data query
  45. 45Warning letter to Innoveix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (MARCS-CMS 624782) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 26 Jan 2022. fda.gov
  46. 46Intranasal administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 in children with growth hormone deficiency: effects on growth hormone secretion and growth Acta Paediatrica Supplement, Mar 1993. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Not medical advice. This page reports what studies and regulators say; it does not recommend using any product. How we grade evidence · Report an error.