Corrections and change log
Every update and correction, with its date.
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If you find a factual error, a broken source or something out of date, tell us. Email hello@pincpeptide.com. Please include the page and, if you can, a source. We check every report against the original source.
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We fix errors in place, update the page's review date and add an entry to the log below saying what changed. Changes that alter a page's conclusion (its evidence tier, its "does it work?" rating or a legal status) are marked as corrections.
Change log
- 10 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded a short video to the guide to what peptides are. The guide to what peptides are now opens with a 1 minute 42 second animated video: how amino acids join into peptides, where a peptide ends and a protein begins, which peptides the body makes, and why most peptide drugs are injected. It has no sound, so every word is on screen, and the page also gives the whole video as text, with the sources each scene shows. Every fact in it comes from the guide and its sources.
What are peptides? - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for melanotan I, oxytocin, thymalin and VIP. New dose pages set out the doses that labels and human studies used. Melanotan I is afamelanotide, approved only as a 16 mg implant every 2 months for a rare light-sensitivity disease; its tanning studies dosed by body weight. The oxytocin page covers how Pitocin is used in hospitals and the nasal doses research tested. Thymalin’s doses come from a Russian drug reference and two small COVID-19 trials, and VIP’s from Sweden’s Invicorp label and trials of IV, inhaled and nasal VIP.
Melanotan I dosage · Oxytocin dosage · Thymalin dosage · VIP peptide dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected where the thymalin page’s doses come from. The thymalin page called the doses, side effects and warnings it gives ‘the Russian label’. They come from Vidal, a Russian drug reference, which presents them as a general description of the active substance and says the doctor sets the regimen; Russia’s official register could not be opened. The page now names Vidal.
Thymalin - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedTook the hospital drip rates off the oxytocin page. The oxytocin page gave the Pitocin label’s drip rates and how much to add to a drip. It now says what the label sets out for patients: only a drip into a vein in hospital to start or strengthen labor, started very low and adjusted to how the uterus responds, and a drip or 10 units into a muscle after delivery.
Oxytocin - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected how the VIP page describes inhaled studies. The VIP page called every inhaled study small. The pulmonary hypertension and sarcoidosis studies were, but a COVID-19 trial of inhaled aviptadil enrolled 144 people and another trial arm 118; the new VIP dose page lists them.
VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for liraglutide, orforglipron, mazdutide and survodutide. New dose pages set out the doses that labels and trials used. Liraglutide’s page keeps the Saxenda schedule for weight and the Victoza schedule for type 2 diabetes apart, and orforglipron’s gives the Foundayo label’s steps, at least 30 days apart, beside the capsule doses its trials used. Mazdutide is approved in China at 4 mg and 6 mg a week, with 9 mg under review; survodutide has no approved dose, so its page reports the doses its trials tested.
Liraglutide dosage · Orforglipron dosage · Mazdutide dosage · Survodutide dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected who kept their weight off in the orforglipron switch trial. The orforglipron page said people switched from tirzepatide or semaglutide injections kept an estimated 74.7% and 79.3% of the weight they had lost, as if this held for everyone who switched. ATTAIN-MAINTAIN reports these figures for people whose weight had leveled off before the switch, and the page now says so.
Orforglipron - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionGave Saxenda’s European stopping rule as authorized. The liraglutide page followed the European Medicines Agency’s plain-language overview, which measures children and adolescents by weight and lets adults stop on the highest dose they can tolerate. The authorization measures children and adolescents by BMI or BMI z score, and holds adults to 12 weeks on 3.0 mg a day; the page now gives that wording.
Liraglutide - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for SS-31, cagrilintide, kisspeptin and LL-37. New dose pages set out the doses that labels and trials used. SS-31’s page gives the Forzinity label’s 40 mg a day and its kidney adjustment beside the doses trials tested by injection, drip and eye drops. Cagrilintide’s lists the trials of it alone and in CagriSema, and kisspeptin’s reports each study’s dose in that paper’s own units, without converting between the two forms. LL-37’s covers the wound gels and creams and the melanoma injections, the only human doses there are.
SS-31 dosage · Cagrilintide dosage · Kisspeptin dosage · LL-37 dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the SS-31 heart-attack trial’s drip and added its registry deaths. The SS-31 page called EMBRACE STEMI’s drip a 1-hour drip. Its registry says it started 15 to 60 minutes before angioplasty and ran until 1 hour after blood flow was restored, and lists 10 deaths among 150 people on the drug against 3 among 147 on placebo; the page now says both. It also counted one eye-drop trial where there were three, left out the NuPower safety results in FDA’s review, and gave a half-life range that stopped short of FDA’s summary of about 3 to 4 hours.
SS-31 (elamipretide) - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the count in the kisspeptin two-dose IVF trial. The kisspeptin page said 21 of 31 women on two doses reached a good egg yield, as the paper’s abstract does, but 21 of 31 is not the 71% it reports. The paper’s results table gives 22 of 31 (71.0%), and the page now uses it.
Kisspeptin - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected how the LL-37 page describes its foot-ulcer trial and trial products. The LL-37 page called the foot ulcers in the Jakarta cream trial mildly infected. Most were not infected (17 of 25), and the page now says so. It also said the trial products were made to pharmaceutical standards by the sponsor; it now says what the papers report: release testing for every batch of the leg-ulcer gel, and content and stability testing for the cream.
LL-37 - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionListed both CagriSema doses in the REIMAGINE trials. The cagrilintide page said the REIMAGINE diabetes trials used CagriSema 1.0 mg/1.0 mg. REIMAGINE 1 to 3 tested both 1.0 mg/1.0 mg and 2.4 mg/2.4 mg, REIMAGINE 4 only 2.4 mg/2.4 mg and REIMAGINE 5 only 1.0 mg/1.0 mg, and the page now gives both doses.
Cagrilintide - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for GHRP-2, GHRP-6 and hexarelin. New dose pages set out the doses human studies used. GHRP-2’s gives Japan’s one-time diagnostic test dose beside the research doses, GHRP-6’s separates single test doses from the stroke trials’ doses, which were always given with EGF, and hexarelin’s shows how its effect on growth hormone faded with repeated doses in some studies. None of the three has an established dose for muscle gain or fat loss.
GHRP-2 dosage · GHRP-6 dosage · Hexarelin dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected a GHRP-6 study dose and how two pages describe nasal doses. The GHRP-6 page said older women took 300 µg/kg twice a day for 4 days. That was the test dose given before and after 4 days of twice-daily treatment, and the study’s abstract does not give the treatment dose; the page now says so. The GHRP-6 and hexarelin pages also called nasal doses a spray, which their sources do not say; they now say the doses were given into the nose.
GHRP-6 · Hexarelin - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the share of people with side effects in GHRP-2’s pre-approval trials. The GHRP-2 page said a third or more of 227 people in its pre-approval trials had side effects. The maker’s 2004 application summary counts 74 (32.6%), just under a third, and Japan’s 2014 re-examination report 86 (37.9%); the page now says about a third, and its open questions give both counts.
GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded collagen peptides to the guide to what peptides are. The guide now explains what collagen peptides are, what reaches the blood after people swallow them and what trials of collagen supplements for skin found: gains in pooled analyses, but none in the higher-quality trials or those without drug-company funding, according to a 2025 analysis. Its list of peptides by size now covers every compound on the site, including two mixtures and three that are not peptides.
What are peptides? - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded semaglutide vs liraglutide. A new page compares semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) with liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) using the two head-to-head trials, STEP 8 for weight and SUSTAIN 10 for blood sugar, and covers side effects, generics and Saxenda’s planned discontinuation, with sources.
Semaglutide vs liraglutide - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded orforglipron vs semaglutide. A new page compares orforglipron (Foundayo) with semaglutide tablets (the Wegovy pill, Rybelsus): the one head-to-head trial, ACHIEVE-3 in type 2 diabetes, the separate weight-loss trials, how each pill is taken, side effects, heart outcomes and launch prices, with sources.
Orforglipron vs semaglutide - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded October enforcement news to the legal tracker. The legal tracker now lists FDA warning letters, posted on 6 October 2026, to two websites selling unapproved injectable semaglutide to US consumers, and Australian fines, announced the same day, that included notices for importing Mounjaro (tirzepatide) pens.
Legal tracker - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected BPC-157 study details and when Australia’s peptide controls began. The BPC-157 pages now say that its record of fewer than 100 people, for 2 weeks or less, covers published studies, and add an 8-week study of BPC-157 gummies that has posted no results; they also correct the knee study’s size (17 patients, 16 reached by phone) and present FDA’s animal clotting and liver findings as possible signals. Pages that dated Australia’s possession ban on BPC-157, TB-500, CJC-1295 and ipamorelin to 1 October 2026 now say BPC-157 was listed in June 2024 and the others by February 2023.
BPC-157 · BPC-157 dosage · BPC-157 vs TB-500 · BPC-157 vs GHK-Cu · Best for healing · Peptide blends · Peptide therapy · AOD-9604 · 2026 briefing · Legal tracker - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected tirzepatide side-effect, counterfeit-pen and EU details. The tirzepatide pages now say that in the label’s weight-loss trials digestive side effects were equally common on each dose, while stopping because of them rose with the dose, and that lab tests found insulin in two counterfeit pens detained in Ireland. They add the UK regulator’s findings on falsified Mounjaro pens, EMA’s decisions not to grant separate EU uses for sleep apnea, heart failure and heart risk, and Australian fines for importing Mounjaro pens. FDA’s policy on four or fewer compounded prescriptions a month is now given in its own terms, also on the orforglipron page.
Tirzepatide · Tirzepatide dosage · Orforglipron · Semaglutide vs tirzepatide · Retatrutide vs tirzepatide - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected semaglutide toxin-test, recall and EU approval details. The semaglutide pages now say that in a 2024 study all three vials bought online held bacterial toxin, one at a raised level, and credit the Australian finding of semaglutide in fake retatrutide to ABC News’s report of a TGA advisory. They add Health Canada’s recalls of Dr. Reddy’s generic, the EU approval of Wegovy tablets on 14 July 2026, FDA letters to two websites selling semaglutide and NovoCare’s current Wegovy prices, and the dose page now gives both SUSTAIN FORTE estimates. Pages that dated prison sentences and a guilty plea from DOJ press releases now say when prosecutors announced them.
Semaglutide · Semaglutide dosage · Tirzepatide · Peptide therapy · 2026 briefing · Legal tracker - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedLab-test counts now say when the tests were done. Where a page counted the samples that failed tests by Finnrick, an independent testing service, it now gives the dates of those tests or the date we counted them, as the compound pages already did. The tirzepatide dose page also says that its phase 2 trial measured weight only while people stayed on treatment.
BPC-157 dosage · Mazdutide dosage · Sermorelin dosage · Survodutide dosage · Tesamorelin dosage · Tirzepatide dosage · Best for weight loss · Best for focus and sleep · Best for immune support · Glutathione · Thymalin - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected how two comparisons describe tirzepatide’s heart-outcome trial. The semaglutide vs tirzepatide and retatrutide vs tirzepatide pages said tirzepatide was not better than dulaglutide in the SURPASS-CVOT trial. The trial showed it was as good as dulaglutide but did not show it was better, and both pages now say so. The semaglutide vs tirzepatide summary also gives each drug’s lab-test failure rate and its date, where it had said about a third.
Semaglutide vs tirzepatide · Retatrutide vs tirzepatide - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionAdded Finnrick’s PT-141 test results. The PT-141 pages said the only independent test of a ‘PT-141’ vial was one bought for WIRED. Finnrick, a testing service, lists 151 PT-141 tests from March 2025 to September 2026, of which 53 failed, and the PT-141 profile, dose page, sexual health hub and melanotan II comparison now give these results. The comparison also no longer says the melanotan II erection results came from a single injection, and both PT-141 pages now say work on erection problems in men was dropped after FDA raised concerns in 2007.
PT-141 (bremelanotide) · PT-141 dosage · Best for libido · Melanotan II vs PT-141 - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the TB-500 pages after a source check. A recheck of every TB-500 source found claims that went further than their sources. The pages now credit the FDA Law Blog for what it reported from FDA’s July 2026 advisory meeting instead of presenting it as FDA’s own statement, say that FDA and our own PubMed search found no study giving TB-500 to people rather than that none exists, and note that the 2026 rat tendon study called its peptide synthetic thymosin beta-4. The dose page now gives the placebo results of the thymosin beta-4 ulcer and skin-disease trials, in which wounds healed at least as often on placebo, and every Finnrick test count on these pages now gives its test dates.
TB-500 · TB-500 dosage · BPC-157 vs TB-500 · Best for healing · Peptide blends · Peptide therapy - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the GHK-Cu pages after a source check. Two published hair-loss studies injected a copper peptide into people’s scalps as one ingredient of a mixture, so the GHK-Cu pages no longer say that no study has injected it. They now say that we found no published study of GHK-Cu injected on its own, describe the two studies, and cite a dated PubMed search. The pages also say FDA does not intend to act against pharmacies that make non-injectable GHK-Cu, rather than that pharmacies may make it; give the scope of the 2026 review that counted 2 randomized trials; report the diabetic-ulcer infection result for the group of ulcers it came from; and note that the one skin reaction in the facial wrinkle trial was in a participant who also used a different product.
GHK-Cu · GHK-Cu dosage · BPC-157 vs GHK-Cu · Peptide blends · What are peptides? - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the retatrutide pages after a source check. The TRIUMPH-4 trial now links to its own registry record; Lilly’s press release had printed the number of a different trial. Trial results now say whether they count everyone who started the drug or assume everyone stayed on it, and the TRIUMPH-1 extension is described as the 24-week extension it was. The pages also give Lilly’s early-access criteria from its registry record, say that FDA’s import alert names retatrutide only on its list of exempt makers, quote the Australian regulator’s advisory about a product sold as retatrutide, add a published letter on what three vials held, and add the sleep apnea and knee pain results from the TRIUMPH-1 paper.
Retatrutide · Retatrutide dosage · Retatrutide vs tirzepatide - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionUpdated the date of FDA’s import alert on unapproved drugs. Eight compound pages cite FDA’s Import Alert 66-41, which lets FDA hold shipments of unapproved drugs without examining them. They dated it 29 September 2026, but FDA has since republished it, and its page now gives 1 October 2026. Every entry these pages cite is still on the list, and the PT-141 page no longer gives the alert a date in its text.
PT-141 (bremelanotide) - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the ipamorelin and CJC-1295 pages after a source check. Where these pages said a study had never been done or never reported, they now say what our dated searches of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov found. Ipamorelin’s larger 2014 trial is described as having posted no results, and both entries now describe a 2026 report in FDA’s adverse-event database, marked life-threatening, that names a CJC-1295 and ipamorelin product. The CJC-1295 entry adds the European registry record of the trial stopped in 2006, which lists injection under the skin and a planned 150 participants, and a 2016 rat study of the form without DAC, and it explains why we rate its evidence C rather than B. Counts we worked out from Finnrick’s data are now labeled as ours, the blend name is spelled as sellers spell it, ‘CJC & Ipa’, the anti-doping ban carries the month it was announced, and the Utah indictment is described as an allegation. We also removed a sentence saying a vial sold as tesamorelin held ipamorelin: Finnrick lists that as a correction to its own records. The dose, comparison, hub and guide pages that cite these entries now use the same wording.
Ipamorelin · CJC-1295 · Ipamorelin dosage · CJC-1295 dosage · CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin · Ipamorelin vs MK-677 · Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin · Best for growth hormone · Best for focus and sleep · Peptide blends · Peptides for women · What are peptides? - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the 2026 briefing after a source check. The briefing said FDA’s revised import alert let it hold GLP-1 drug ingredients from listed foreign sites; in fact it lets FDA hold them without examination unless the maker and product are on the alert’s Green List, and the briefing now says so. Figures we worked out ourselves, such as Finnrick’s failure rates and request shares, Reddit’s visitor counts and the number of FDA warning letters, are now labeled as ours, and the warning-letter count runs to 8 October 2026. The result that one of 18 retatrutide samples matched its label is credited to the lab that tested them, the Pinned Aminos case covers both people who ran the business, and each harm report names the outlet that reported it and when. Statements that FDA had not acted on its advisers’ votes now cite FDA’s category list and a Federal Register search we reran on 8 October 2026. The guides and hubs that repeated the briefing’s percentages now give Finnrick’s own counts, and a comparison with r/Mounjaro, a figure no source on the site supported, is gone.
2026 briefing · Peptide therapy · What are peptides? · Best for weight loss · Best for healing · Best for immune support · Best for longevity · Best for focus and sleep · Retatrutide - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded the medical examiner’s finding in the Bronx NAD+ death. CBS News New York reported on 6 October 2026 that the medical examiner had ruled the July death of a 27-year-old woman at a Bronx lifestyle center a homicide, caused by air let into an IV line during an NAD+ injection, and that the man who gave the injection, licensed in the US only as an esthetician, had been indicted on charges including murder. The NAD+ entry had said the cause was unconfirmed, and the briefing said only that she died about an hour after the injection; both now give the finding and the charges, which are allegations.
NAD+ · 2026 briefing - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the legal-status page after a source check. The page said US pharmacies “may” compound glutathione, NAD+ and topical GHK-Cu; it now says FDA does not intend to act against pharmacies that do, which is an enforcement policy, not approval. The answer on buying research peptides no longer cites 2026 enforcement actions that did not involve BPC-157, TB-500 or MOTS-c, and PT-141’s place outside WADA’s S0 ban is marked as our reading. Statements credited to Australia’s TGA and the UK’s MHRA now name the outlets that reported them, and the TGA’s retatrutide warning says the product was sold as retatrutide in an unmarked vial, on this page and in the briefing. The Pinned Aminos verdict, now in the timeline, the BioV8 case, the counterfeit Ozempic charges and two Health Canada recalls are worded and dated as their sources give them; FDA’s inaction on its advisers’ votes is dated 8 October 2026; and an earlier Australian Poisons Standard now shows that BPC-157 was listed from June 2024.
Legal tracker · 2026 briefing - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedRenamed the “Untested in people” rating to “Untested”. Each “Does it work?” rating covers one use, which the page names beside it. The rating for a use that no trial in people has tested read “Untested in people”, which could suggest the compound had never been given to people at all, when many, such as CJC-1295, ipamorelin and LL-37, have been tested in people for other uses. It now reads “Untested”, and the cards on the comparisons index name the use each rating covers.
All peptides · All comparisons - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded thymosin beta-4, pentadeca arginate and PEG-MGF. New pages cover three compounds sold for injury recovery. Thymosin beta-4 is the natural 43-amino-acid protein that TB-500 copies a 7-amino-acid piece of; its human trials, of eye drops, skin gels and IV doses, are the largest of any healing compound on the site, so it ranks first on the healing page, but none tested muscle, tendon or ligament injuries, and two large dry-eye trials found no clear benefit. Pentadeca arginate is BPC-157 sold as an arginine salt, and we found no published study of it in people. PEG-MGF is a lab-made piece of a growth factor with a chain of polyethylene glycol attached, and we found no study of it in people or animals.
Thymosin beta-4 · Pentadeca arginate (PDA) · PEG-MGF · Best for healing - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded gonadorelin. A new page covers gonadorelin, a lab-made copy of GnRH, the brain hormone that tells the pituitary gland to switch on the testes and ovaries. Its two US brands for people are listed as discontinued: Factrel, a single injection to test the pituitary, and Lutrepulse, given in pulses by a pump to help women ovulate; gonadorelin injections remain approved for cattle. Some providers prescribe it to men on testosterone therapy, and it is sold online as a “research” powder, but we found no published trial of it in men on testosterone. It joins the sexual health ranking.
Gonadorelin · Best for libido - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for thymosin beta-4, pentadeca arginate, PEG-MGF and gonadorelin. New dose pages set out the doses that labels and studies used. Thymosin beta-4’s lists the eye drops, wound gels and IV doses its human trials tested, which are doses of the full protein, not of TB-500, and gonadorelin’s gives the doses on the discontinued Factrel and Lutrepulse labels beside the pulse doses studies used. No dose of pentadeca arginate or PEG-MGF has been tested in people, so their pages explain where the figures quoted online come from: BPC-157’s studies and a 2017 patent for pentadeca arginate, and animal studies of MGF without PEG for PEG-MGF.
Thymosin beta-4 dosage · Pentadeca arginate dosage · PEG-MGF dosage · Gonadorelin dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCompleted the legal tracker’s lists of banned and prescription-only compounds. The legal tracker’s table showed that WADA bans AOD-9604, MK-677 and, for male athletes, kisspeptin, and that Australia allows AOD-9604, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, liraglutide, melanotan I, MK-677, oxytocin and VIP only on prescription, but the text above the table, and the answer on which peptides WADA bans, left them out. Both now name every compound the table gives those statuses, including the four added today, and an automated check now flags any compound the text leaves out. The sport section now says, for every compound on the site, whether WADA names it and, by our reading, whether its ban on unapproved substances applies. The page also adds FDA’s June 2026 warning letter about “research” gonadorelin, how FDA’s compounding rules apply to thymosin beta-4, kisspeptin-10 and pentadeca arginate, and Canada’s listing of gonadorelin as a prescription drug.
Legal tracker - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected how two TB-500 pages describe a thymosin beta-4 eye-drop trial. The TB-500 dose page and the BPC-157 vs TB-500 comparison said the posted results of ARISE-3, a 700-person trial of thymosin beta-4 eye drops for dry eye, showed no difference from placebo. The trial registry posts average changes without a statistical test, so the pages now say what the maker said, that the trial did not meet its main goals, and that the posted averages were similar on the drops and on placebo.
TB-500 dosage · BPC-157 vs TB-500 - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedLinked the new compound pages from the pages that discuss them. Pages that mention thymosin beta-4, pentadeca arginate, PEG-MGF or gonadorelin now link to their new pages, and the BPC-157 entry now says that some pharmacies and clinics sell an arginine salt of it as pentadeca arginate. The guide to what peptides are adds all four to its lists by type and size. Thymosin beta-4, a chain of 43 amino acids, is the second compound on the site over the 40-amino-acid line US law uses to define a protein, so the guide no longer says tesamorelin is the only one, and it notes that FDA treats thymosin beta-4 as a biological product.
What are peptides? · BPC-157 · TB-500 · TB-500 dosage · BPC-157 vs TB-500 · Peptide blends · Thymosin alpha-1 · Kisspeptin · 2026 briefing - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionStopped implying a lawful US source for compounds that have none. On 24 dose pages, the answer to “How much should I take?” ended by saying that any decision about using the compound belonged with a licensed prescriber, or by telling readers to ask one. That suggested a prescriber could supply it, but none of these compounds is approved in the US, and US pharmacies may not compound any of them, by FDA’s lists or, for some, by our reading of them. Each answer now says so, with its sources, as the TB-500 and GHK-Cu dose pages already did. The BPC-157 and MOTS-c pages also now say that FDA’s advisers voted to recommend letting pharmacies make them, where they had said the advisers recommended “allowing” them.
AOD-9604 dosage · BPC-157 dosage · Cerebrolysin dosage · CJC-1295 dosage · Dihexa dosage · DSIP dosage · Epitalon dosage · GHRP-2 dosage · GHRP-6 dosage · Hexarelin dosage · Ipamorelin dosage · Kisspeptin dosage · KPV dosage · LL-37 dosage · Melanotan II dosage · MK-677 dosage · MOTS-c dosage · PEG-MGF dosage · Pentadeca arginate dosage · Selank dosage - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedSource lists now show when we read each undated source. A source with no date of its own, such as a database or a search, now shows the date we read it, so readers can tell when a count such as the number of search results was taken. Until now such sources showed only their publisher, although the method page promised a date on every source. The method page now explains the change.
How we grade evidence - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the gonadorelin pages after a source audit. The gonadorelin pages quoted a 2017 version of USP’s quality standard, which allowed the powder to be as little as 80% peptide; USP revised it in 2025 to require 95% to 105% gonadorelin once water and acetic acid are excluded. Our reading that US pharmacies can probably make gonadorelin now rests on that USP standard, the route federal compounding law sets when a standard exists, rather than on FDA listing it as part of an approved drug. The trial results now say they count only women treated for at least 14 days and that the p-values are one-sided. Health Canada’s count of veterinary products no longer includes an altered form of the molecule, and the dose page no longer says that no dose is established for any use outside the discontinued human labels, since cattle labels give doses.
Gonadorelin · Gonadorelin dosage · Best for libido - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionFDA itself named all five compounds for its next compounding advisory meeting. Several pages, and our correction of 7 October, said that FDA’s own documents named only GHK-Cu for the compounding advisory committee meeting due before the end of February 2027, and that only law firms had named melanotan II, LL-37, dihexa and PEG-MGF for it. That was wrong: FDA’s page for the meeting lists all five as substances being considered for the list of ingredients pharmacies may use. The briefing, the legal tracker, the healing goal page and the PEG-MGF, dihexa, LL-37, melanotan II and selank pages now cite FDA’s page, and the compound pages say FDA had set no date by 8 October 2026. The dihexa, KPV, LL-37 and PEG-MGF pages now link the Federal Register’s search page rather than its raw data, and the KPV and LL-37 pages no longer say that search found only two documents.
2026 briefing · Legal tracker · Best for healing · PEG-MGF · Dihexa · LL-37 · Melanotan II · Selank · KPV - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the PEG-MGF pages after a source audit. The PEG-MGF pages stated as fact that no study, approval or independent test of PEG-MGF exists; they now say what we searched and found, and name Finnrick as the testing service that had published no test. The entry had also left open whether the human MGF sequence ends in EERK or EEHK: UniProt’s record of human IGF-1 ends it in EERK, so the pages now say the sellers’ EEHK version has the same change as an MGF variant found in confiscated vials, and the dose page no longer calls that version natural. The entry now sets out the three ways federal law lets a pharmacy use an ingredient, says that reading WADA’s ban on mechano growth factors as covering PEG-MGF is our interpretation, and cites the 2020 announcement of the pharmacy’s guilty plea. The dose page now says the dosing website bases its daily schedule on a five-day rabbit study, and the PubMed count of clinical-trial results is now 21, not 22.
PEG-MGF · PEG-MGF dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the thymosin beta-4 pages after a source audit. The entry said a blood tumor marker rose mildly and briefly ‘in both the drug and placebo groups’ of the Chinese IV trial. The trial’s tables show abnormal readings after single doses 8 times among 44 people on the drug, 6 of them at the two highest doses, and never among the 10 on placebo, so the entry now gives those counts. The IV safety studies’ head counts now separate placebo from drug. The SEER-1 dose row said no defect healed on the drops had come back by day 43; it now gives the counts at days 29, 36 and 43. The mid-November date for SEER-2 results is now attributed to the contract research organization managing the trial, as RegeneRx’s partner reported it. Search results are now stated as what we found, ARISE-2’s posted averages now carry ‘no statistical test was posted’, and the Essendon bans now say most ended in November 2016. On the TB-500 dose page, ARISE-2 no longer says the drops showed ‘no advantage over placebo’, a comparison the registry did not test, and the healthy-volunteer count now includes those on placebo.
Thymosin beta-4 · Thymosin beta-4 dosage · TB-500 dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the pentadeca arginate pages after a source audit. The entry said pentadeca arginate was likely banned in sport because WADA’s catch-all class covers unapproved substances. In a 2024 US case, the anti-doping agency treated a supplement labeled as BPC-157 arginate salt as BPC-157, which WADA bans by name: it charged the athlete with using BPC-157 and DHEA, and an arbitrator imposed a one-year ban. The sport status is now ‘Banned at all times, as BPC-157’, and the legal explainer no longer lists pentadeca arginate among unnamed substances. The same case gives the only lab analysis we found of a product labeled as this salt: its capsules held BPC-157 and DHEA, a banned substance not on the label. The entry no longer says the patent’s healing results came from rodents: the patent cites methods from published papers, one of them a rabbit study, and gives no figures. It now quotes the patent saying the peptide had until then been used in its free form, as the acetate or as a sodium salt, and says the patent’s mass readings are for the peptide and arginine separately. A sports-medicine clinic’s library page, which says a listing does not mean the clinic offers the compound, is no longer cited as a seller, here or on the BPC-157 page. The stability answer now adds the patent’s weaker figures in stronger acid, and statements about missing data now say what we found.
Pentadeca arginate (PDA) · Pentadeca arginate dosage · BPC-157 · Legal tracker - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedSource lists no longer name sanctioned athletes. Our pages describe athletes in anti-doping cases by role, such as ‘a US triathlete’, but two US Anti-Doping Agency announcements were listed under headlines that include the athlete’s name. The source lists now give those headlines without the names, and the editorial policy now says how we handle the names of patients, athletes in anti-doping cases and people charged with crimes.
BPC-157 · CJC-1295 · TB-500 · Tesamorelin · Ipamorelin · MK-677 (ibutamoren) · Peptide blends · Legal tracker · Best for growth hormone · Ipamorelin vs MK-677 · Editorial policy - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionDihexa pages now say what our searches found about human studies. The dihexa pages said it had never been tested in, or given to, people. People in trials of fosgonimeton, an injected drug that the blood converts into dihexa, were exposed to it, and a missing study is what our searches found rather than something we can prove. The pages now say we found no study that gave dihexa itself to people, alongside FDA’s finding that there are no human exposure data.
Dihexa · Dihexa dosage · Best for focus and sleep - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionPages now say who found no study, instead of saying none was ever done. Several pages stated as fact that something had never been tested. A missing study is what a search finds, so those sentences now say whose search found nothing: FDA’s reviews for BPC-157’s cancer risk, MOTS-c and TB-500, a 2026 review for NAD+ drips, and our own searches for VIP, LL-37, kisspeptin, tesamorelin, SS-31, BPC-157’s long-term safety and orforglipron. The safety answer in the peptide therapy guide no longer says most peptides sold online were never tested for safety; it names two, TB-500 and MOTS-c, for which FDA found no human safety data. The PT-141 risk list now says work in men was dropped before any phase 3 trial, and goal pages describe their untested group as the methods page defines it: no controlled human trial of that use has public results.
PT-141 (bremelanotide) · VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) · Orforglipron · BPC-157 · Kisspeptin · Tesamorelin · SS-31 (elamipretide) · BPC-157 dosage · BPC-157 vs GHK-Cu · Peptide therapy · Best for weight loss · Best for healing · Best for skin and tanning · Best for growth hormone · Best for libido · Best for longevity · Best for focus and sleep · Best for immune support - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionHealth Canada seizures are dated by the notices that reported them. Several pages said Health Canada seized a peptide in a given year or month. Its public notices say what was seized and from whom, but not when, so those sentences now say when Health Canada reported the seizures. A retatrutide case report is also described more exactly: its authors say the product was not analyzed to confirm what it contained.
AOD-9604 · GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) · GHRP-6 · Hexarelin · Kisspeptin · PT-141 (bremelanotide) · Tesamorelin · Thymosin alpha-1 · VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) · Retatrutide · BPC-157 vs TB-500 - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionStatus checks now cite the searches behind them. The retatrutide page said the appeals court had not ruled and that two trials had been reported only in Lilly press releases, but it cited pages that could not show either. It now cites the court’s own search of its opinions and orders and a PubMed search, both run on 8 October 2026. The healing goal page’s answer about BPC-157 and tendons now says that FDA’s review and a 2025 review found no controlled trial, instead of stating that none exists.
Retatrutide · Best for healing - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionMore pages now say who found no study. This finishes the change made earlier on 8 October. The remaining sentences that said no study, trial or data existed now say whose search found none: FDA’s reviews, a named review, a trial registry or our own searches. Claims that a study was the only one now say whose search it was, and page titles, route labels and half-life labels say ‘no human data found’. Where a drug label is the source of a ‘no data’ statement, the page now says so. Checking the sources also corrected four claims. A registered melanoma study of LL-37 did aim to stimulate the immune system, so LL-37 pages now say we found no trial of it as a general immune booster or a treatment for infection. A placebo-controlled sermorelin trial in healthy older adults measured body fat, so the gap is now described for young, healthy adults. Tesamorelin’s page now reports that lean mass rose 1.4 kg more than on placebo in a year-long trial, and no longer says there are no data in healthy adults. One of FDA’s three epitalon studies was a controlled trial in an inherited eye disease, so epitalon pages now say no controlled trial measured age-related disease.
AOD-9604 · Best for focus and sleep · Best for growth hormone · Best for healing · Best for immune support · Best for longevity · Best for skin and tanning · Best for weight loss · BPC-157 · CJC-1295 · BPC-157 vs TB-500 · Orforglipron vs semaglutide · Selank vs Semax · Sermorelin vs Tesamorelin · Dihexa · BPC-157 dosage · Dihexa dosage · Epitalon dosage · Hexarelin dosage · Ipamorelin dosage - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionThe weight-loss goal page dates its approval statements and explains its test counts. The weight-loss goal page now says retatrutide and cagrilintide were not FDA-approved as of 30 September 2026, citing FDA’s own page, because Novo Nordisk expects an FDA decision on CagriSema this quarter. It notes that people choose which samples they send to Finnrick, so its fail counts are not a random survey. It gives the size of orforglipron’s trial instead of calling it the largest, says that both head-to-head trials left out people with diabetes, and no longer calls glucagon a gut hormone. On every goal page, the ranking method now says what the ranking does: ties go first to compounds FDA has approved, then to those approved only in other countries, then to those whose US approval was withdrawn.
Best for weight loss · Best for healing · Best for skin and tanning · Best for growth hormone · Best for libido · Best for longevity · Best for focus and sleep · Best for immune support - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected four goal pages and the peptide therapy guide after a source check. A sentence-by-sentence check of the healing, skin, immunity and longevity goal pages against their sources found claims that went further than the sources. The healing page now says that FDA found the animal and cell evidence for TB-500 lacking, that serious side effects in thymosin beta-4’s short IV and eye-drop trials were rare and about as common as on placebo, and that 4 of the 16 knee-pain patients in a BPC-157 report also got thymosin beta-4. The skin and glutathione pages now use a 2025 review’s own word, moderately, for how well glutathione pills and creams lightened skin, and the melanotan I pages say it can darken moles, as its label does. The immunity page says the ulcers in the LL-37 cream trial were mostly uninfected. The longevity page says that SS-31’s injection-site redness in 12 of 12 patients comes from its Barth syndrome trial, against 3 of 12 on placebo, and that smaller, earlier trials found glutathione protective against nerve damage from cancer drugs. Every goal page that gives Finnrick’s fail counts now says that people choose which samples to send, and more sentences, including BPC-157’s count of fewer than 100 people, say whose search they rest on. The peptide therapy guide now keeps its two July 2026 prison sentences apart, since only the 21-month case involved “research purposes only” labels. It says ipamorelin is in Category 2 under FDA’s separate policy for outsourcing facilities, and that many, not most, peptides sold as therapy lack evidence in people. It also counts the 23 facilities that supplied clinics in a secret-shopper study, says tesamorelin is approved for adults with HIV and lipodystrophy, and gives the same sampling caveat for Finnrick’s counts.
Best for focus and sleep · Best for growth hormone · Best for healing · Best for immune support · Best for longevity · Best for libido · Best for skin and tanning · BPC-157 · BPC-157 vs GHK-Cu · BPC-157 vs TB-500 · Epitalon · Glutathione · Peptide therapy · LL-37 · Melanotan I (afamelanotide) · Melanotan II · SS-31 (elamipretide) · Thymosin alpha-1 - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedAnswered the side-effect and drug-test questions people search for. The BPC-157, retatrutide and GHK-Cu pages now answer “What are the side effects?” from the trials and reports each page already cites. On the BPC-157 page this joins the safety answer. On the other two it replaces a question that another part of the site answers in full: retatrutide’s trial doses on its dose page, and GHK-Cu’s sport status in the table at the top of its page. The legal tracker’s question about WADA’s list is now “Will peptides fail a drug test?”, and its answer opens with a 2026 US anti-doping case.
BPC-157 · Retatrutide · GHK-Cu · Legal tracker - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to collagen peptides. A new guide sets out what trials of collagen supplements found for skin, joints, bone density after menopause, muscle, and hair, nails and gut, and who paid for each trial. A 2025 analysis of 23 skin trials found benefits in those funded by drug companies and none in the others. The guide also covers the known downsides and answers common questions, such as whether collagen is just hype and whether it can be taken with citalopram.
Collagen peptides - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to peptides in skincare. A new guide covers the peptides in skin creams and serums, such as Matrixyl, Argireline and copper peptides: how far they get into the skin, what their trials found and who ran them, how Argireline compares with Botox and peptides with a retinoid, their known downsides, and when US law treats a peptide cream as a drug rather than a cosmetic.
Peptides in skincare - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedThe question box adds 37 questions about skincare and collagen. On 8 October 2026 we ran 10 more Google searches in US English, about peptides in skincare and collagen peptides, and all 10 showed a “People also ask” box. The question box on the home page now lists their 37 questions alongside the 68 from 30 September, and links 32 of them to sourced answers, most in the two new guides. Four ask for dosing, mixing or buying advice, which we don’t give, and one is not covered yet. The method page now names both snapshots, and the skin goal page and the guides to what peptides are and to peptides for women link to the new guides.
How we grade evidence · Best for skin and tanning · What are peptides? · Peptides for women - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the MOTS-c pages after a source check. An independent check of the MOTS-c page and its dose page against their sources found no wrong numbers, but several sentences said more than the sources about who found or said something. The pages now credit the FDA Law Blog for the July 2026 advisory vote and for FDA’s statement that any final decision will come through rulemaking, since FDA has posted no minutes, and say that FDA had not changed its compounding lists as of 8 October 2026. The dose page names our two PubMed searches as its sources for finding no human study, the CB4211 trial is dated to its end in 2021, and the share of Finnrick test requests is marked as our own count from its chart. Two study summaries now give the conditions their papers set: higher MOTS-c in obesity held once overweight people were left out, and the gene-variant link held in men only. The MOTS-c and KPV pages now say most tested samples failed Finnrick’s purity-and-dose standard, not that vials are often not what the label says.
MOTS-c · MOTS-c dosage · KPV - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the NAD+ pages after a source check. An independent check of the NAD+ page and its dose page against their sources found that the page called NAD+ “not approved” while the three Chinese trials it cites all used an NAD+ injection with a Chinese drug approval number. The page now says it is approved in China but not by FDA, backed by a search of FDA’s approved-drug database, and the legal tracker shows the same. A fuller search of FDA recall records finds 16 records from 12 recalls, not 14, one of them for the related form NADH. The dose page now names the higher doses a cited review describes, 1,000 mg a day in an uncontrolled pilot and 1,500 mg in a case report, and a 1966 study of shots into a muscle. The Bronx death finding is credited to prosecutors, the Hims plans to Reuters, and the share of Finnrick test requests is marked as our own count. The endotoxin risk now uses FDA’s own description, and the heart-failure results say they counted everyone who was randomized.
NAD+ · NAD+ dosage · Legal tracker - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the melanotan II pages after a source check. An independent check of the melanotan II page and its dose page found that the page said no tanning trial had a placebo, while the 1996 pilot it cites calls itself placebo-controlled. The page now explains that all 3 men got the drug, so skin color had no untreated group to compare with, and dated searches of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov back what we found. Australian regulator findings are now credited to 7NEWS, which reported them, and the compounding status cites the law firm that reported FDA’s 2026 change. Two case reports of priapism are described as they were reported, the remark about a ‘recommended starting dose’ was removed, FDA recalls of two compounded melanotan II products were added, and the share of Finnrick test requests is marked as our own count. The PT-141 page and the comparison page now say the two drugs share the same seven amino acids and ring, and that the erectile dysfunction in one trial had no known physical cause.
Melanotan II · Melanotan II dosage · PT-141 (bremelanotide) · Melanotan II vs PT-141 · Melanotan I (afamelanotide) - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the MK-677 pages after a source check. An independent check of the MK-677 page and its dose page against their sources found that the quick safety answer said the drug caused leg swelling and muscle pain, when the 2-year trial’s differences from placebo were not statistically significant; it now says they were reported more often than on placebo. The children’s LUM-201 trial is now described as the registry reports it, a per-protocol analysis in which 43 of the 62 children on the drug did not complete the randomized phase, and the dose page no longer reads a difference between two doses as a finding. The committee vote now attributes safety concerns to several members, as the minutes do, the European lab study keeps its authors’ hedge, and dated database searches back the statements that no trial was found. The dose page also adds 3 people taken off the drug for high blood sugar, counts fluid-retention reports rather than people, and gives HbA1c changes in percentage points. Links to two US Anti-Doping Agency case pages now use short links that do not contain the athletes’ names.
MK-677 (ibutamoren) · MK-677 dosage · Ipamorelin vs MK-677 · Ipamorelin · BPC-157 · CJC-1295 · TB-500 · Tesamorelin - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the PT-141 pages after a source check. An independent check of the PT-141 page and its dose page found that they said no large trial of bremelanotide in men was completed. A 2008 trial in 342 men exists but is under a journal’s expression of concern, so we name it without reporting its results, and the pages now add the study in men that Palatin announced in 2024, for which we found no results. The Phase 3 results in women are now described as they were measured, from each woman’s start to her last visit, with more women stopping early on the drug than on placebo, and responder rates that count only recorded answers; the same wording was fixed on the sexual health goal page, the women’s guide and the melanotan II vs PT-141 page. Two company-reported Phase 2 trials, in obesity and in diabetic kidney disease, were added, and smaller fixes cover the date of the Vyleesi sale, the label’s wording on drug interactions and daily use, and dated database searches.
PT-141 (bremelanotide) · PT-141 dosage · Best for libido · Melanotan II vs PT-141 · Peptides for women - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded a question on peptides and HRT to the women’s guide. The guide to peptides for women now answers whether peptides can be used instead of hormone therapy for menopause: FDA’s menopause page lists hormone therapy and four non-hormonal medicines, none a peptide, and a dated PubMed search found no randomized trial comparing a peptide treatment with hormone therapy.
Peptides for women - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the sermorelin pages after a source check. An independent check of the sermorelin page and its dose page found that an early, self-rated sleep result, which its authors said might be nonspecific, was presented as a trial finding and a known risk; the pages now say the treatment did not improve sleep, as the same team’s 2003 review concluded, and credit the body-fat result to the right reports. Statements about missing trials and FDA positions now say what we found, the test-request share is marked as our own count, dose figures now say how often and for how long, and the Australian listing notes a group entry for growth hormone releasing hormones that may also apply. The same sleep and trial-length wording was fixed on two goal pages and the ipamorelin vs sermorelin page.
Sermorelin · Sermorelin dosage · Best for focus and sleep · Best for growth hormone · Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the tesamorelin pages after a source check. An independent check of the tesamorelin page and its dose page found that the summary said no study had tested muscle building, although trials measured a small rise in lean mass; it now says so and that we found no completed muscle-building trial, backed by dated searches. The growth-factor figures now match the label (above normal in 47% of treated patients, well above in 36%), FDA’s warning letters are counted as five sellers rather than two, the long-term safety studies FDA required in 2010 are described with their registry status, and the test-request share is marked as our own count. Trial sizes, side-effect counts, label wording and several smaller statements were tightened, and the same figures were fixed on the growth-hormone goal page and the sermorelin vs tesamorelin page.
Tesamorelin · Tesamorelin dosage · Best for growth hormone · Sermorelin vs Tesamorelin - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to compounded GLP-1s. A new guide explains what compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide are and how they differ from the approved drugs, whether US pharmacies can still make them now that FDA lists neither drug as in shortage, and why FDA restricted them. It also covers what is known about how well they work, their side effects, versions with added vitamins or salt forms, products sold as research chemicals or fakes, and microdosing.
Compounded GLP-1s - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to peptides for hair. A new guide sets out what trials found for peptides sold for hair loss, such as copper peptides, peptide serums and injected peptides, and how they compare with minoxidil and finasteride. It also covers PP405, an experimental hair-loss treatment, hair loss reported with weight-loss drugs such as Zepbound, and the known side effects.
Peptides for hair - 8 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to peptide side effects. A new guide sets out what is known about the side effects of peptides: those measured in large trials of approved drugs such as Wegovy and Zepbound, the scarce human safety data for unapproved peptides, the risks the products and injections add, and what is known about cancer and long-term effects. It also answers common questions, such as whether peptides are steroids and whether they are safe to take every day.
Peptide side effects - 8 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected a deadline on the liraglutide page and a hair study in the skincare guide. The liraglutide page said the comment period on FDA’s 503B bulks-list proposal closed on 30 June 2026; FDA extended it, and comments were due by 30 July 2026. The skincare guide’s answer on copper peptides and hair now says that a 2016 study tested one compound, made of GHK and 5-aminolevulinic acid, not a mixture; it contains no copper. Both were found by the source checks for our new guides.
Liraglutide · Peptides in skincare - 8 Oct 2026UpdatedThe question box adds 41 questions about hair, GLP-1s, safety and women’s health. On 8 October 2026 we ran 12 more Google searches in US English, about peptides for hair, compounded GLP-1 drugs, peptide safety and women’s health, and all 12 showed a “People also ask” box. The question box on the home page now lists 41 new questions from them alongside the 105 from earlier searches, and links 35 of them to sourced answers, most in the three new guides. Three ask for dosing or buying advice, which we don’t give, and three are not covered yet. The box has new groups for hair, for women, menopause and aging, and for safety and side effects.
Compounded GLP-1s · Peptides for hair · Peptide side effects - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded thymosin alpha-1 (Zadaxin). A new page on thymosin alpha-1, an immune peptide approved abroad as Zadaxin but not in the US. It grades the human evidence, including large trials in sepsis, hepatitis and pancreatitis, and gives its FDA, US pharmacy, sport and Australian status, with sources. A new goal page ranks the peptides sold for immune support.
Thymosin alpha-1 · Best for immune support - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedThe legal tracker now explains the rules and dates each change. The legal tracker now lists dated legal and regulatory events from the last six months, explains US law, “research use only” labels, pharmacy compounding, sport bans and the rules in Australia, the UK and Canada, and answers common questions such as whether it is legal to buy research peptides, with sources.
Legal tracker - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected who named the compounds for FDA’s next advisory meeting. The 2026 briefing said FDA planned to consult its compounding advisers on GHK-Cu, melanotan II, LL-37, dihexa and PEG-MGF before the end of February 2027, and the legal tracker said the same of melanotan II. FDA’s own list names only GHK-Cu for that meeting. The other four come from a law firm’s report, and both pages now say so.
2026 briefing · Legal tracker - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded KPV and LL-37. New pages on KPV, sold for gut and skin inflammation, and LL-37, sold for infections and immunity. FDA found no study of KPV in people, and a gel version of LL-37 missed its main goal in a 149-person ulcer trial. Each page grades the human evidence and gives the FDA, US pharmacy, sport and Australian status, with sources. Both join the immune support goal page.
KPV · LL-37 - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded AOD-9604. A new page on AOD-9604, a fragment of human growth hormone sold for fat loss. In its developer’s largest trial, of 502 adults, it did not beat placebo for weight loss. The page grades the human evidence and gives its FDA, US pharmacy, sport and Australian status, with sources. It joins the weight-loss goal page.
AOD-9604 - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded head-to-head comparisons. New pages compare BPC-157 with TB-500, CJC-1295 with ipamorelin, and melanotan II with PT-141 (Vyleesi) on the evidence in people, legal status and documented risks, with sources. They also answer common questions, such as what is known about taking TB-500 with BPC-157 and whether CJC-1295 with ipamorelin affects testosterone.
All comparisons · BPC-157 vs TB-500 · CJC-1295 vs ipamorelin · Melanotan II vs PT-141 - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dose-evidence pages for BPC-157, TB-500 and GHK-Cu. New pages list every dose of BPC-157, TB-500 and GHK-Cu that a human study has used, with the route, the length and the source. TB-500 has never been given to people, and GHK-Cu has been tested only on the skin. These pages record the research; they are not dosing advice.
BPC-157 dosage · TB-500 dosage · GHK-Cu dosage - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the publication status of retatrutide’s main trial. The retatrutide page said that, as of 30 September 2026, the TRIUMPH-1 weight-loss result had appeared only in a Lilly press release. The New England Journal of Medicine had published the full trial on 29 September 2026. The page now cites the journal paper and leads with its figure that counts everyone assigned to treatment: 25.0% weight loss on 12 mg over 80 weeks, versus 3.9% on placebo.
Retatrutide - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to peptide therapy. A new guide explains what peptide therapy is, which peptides are FDA-approved drugs, what clinics and online sellers offer, what the evidence shows, the known risks, the legal status and what is known about cost, with sources. It answers common questions such as whether peptide injections work and which peptide is safest.
Peptide therapy - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded GLP-1 comparisons. New pages compare semaglutide with tirzepatide, using the head-to-head SURMOUNT-5 trial, and retatrutide with tirzepatide, which no finished trial has compared directly. Each covers weight loss, side effects, approval status and gray-market test results, with sources.
Semaglutide vs tirzepatide · Retatrutide vs tirzepatide - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for tirzepatide, semaglutide and retatrutide. New pages set out the doses on the Zepbound, Mounjaro, Wegovy and Ozempic labels and the doses used in the main trials, including retatrutide’s, which has no approved dose. These pages record the label and the research; they are not dosing advice.
Tirzepatide dosage · Semaglutide dosage · Retatrutide dosage - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded Semax and Selank. New pages on Semax, sold for focus, memory and stroke recovery, and Selank, sold for anxiety. Both are Russian nose-drop medicines that are not approved in the US, and their human evidence comes from small Russian studies. In July 2026 FDA’s advisers voted 8 to 5 to let US pharmacies make semax; FDA had not acted by 5 October 2026. Each page grades the human evidence and gives its FDA, US pharmacy, sport and Australian status, with sources. Both join the brain and sleep goal page.
Semax · Selank - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded kisspeptin and MK-677 (ibutamoren). New pages on kisspeptin, a natural reproductive hormone sold online as kisspeptin-10 for libido and testosterone, and MK-677 (ibutamoren), a growth hormone pill sold beside peptides for muscle and sleep. FDA’s advisers voted 0 to 11 against letting US pharmacies make kisspeptin-10, and a trial of MK-677 after hip fracture stopped early over heart failure. Each page grades the human evidence and gives its FDA, US pharmacy, sport and Australian status, with sources.
Kisspeptin · MK-677 (ibutamoren) - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedFive goal pages now open with what the evidence shows. The weight loss, healing, skin, longevity and immune goal pages now start with what studies in people show for that goal, and answer questions people search, such as whether peptides get rid of belly fat and how long BPC-157 takes to heal. Every answer cites the sources on the compound pages.
Best for weight loss · Best for healing · Best for skin and tanning · Best for longevity · Best for immune support - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedAnswered four more questions on BPC-157, TB-500 and retatrutide. The BPC-157 page now says what is known about its effects on the heart and on testosterone, the TB-500 page what is known about testosterone, and the retatrutide page which people its largest weight-loss trial left out. Where no study has looked, the answers say so and cite the search.
BPC-157 · TB-500 · Retatrutide - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedAnswered what Joe Rogan and Jennifer Aniston have said they use. The healing and skin pages now name the peptide each has publicly said they used or promoted, as reported by the Associated Press and NBC News, and what trials show about it.
Best for healing · Best for skin and tanning - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedAnswered whether GHK-Cu helps hair grow. The GHK-Cu page now says what human studies show for scalp hair and eyebrows, and that no study has tested GHK-Cu alone on hair loss.
GHK-Cu - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedThree more goal pages now open with what the evidence shows. The growth hormone, sexual health, and focus and sleep pages now start with what human studies, regulators and lab tests show, and answer common questions, with sources.
Best for growth hormone · Best for libido · Best for focus and sleep - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded comparisons of ipamorelin, sermorelin and tesamorelin, and of Selank and Semax. New pages compare ipamorelin with sermorelin, sermorelin with tesamorelin, and Selank with Semax on the evidence in people, legal status and documented risks, with sources. No study has compared ipamorelin with sermorelin, tesamorelin’s stronger evidence covers only belly fat in adults with HIV, and neither Selank nor Semax has been shown to work in a placebo-controlled trial.
Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin · Sermorelin vs Tesamorelin · Selank vs Semax - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for tesamorelin, sermorelin, ipamorelin, thymosin alpha-1, glutathione and MOTS-c. New pages set out the doses on the Egrifta and Zadaxin labels and the doses used in human studies, with the route, the length and the source. Every published human dose of ipamorelin was given into a vein, and no published study has given MOTS-c to people. These pages record the labels and the research; they are not dosing advice.
Tesamorelin dosage · Sermorelin dosage · Ipamorelin dosage · Thymosin alpha-1 dosage · Glutathione dosage · MOTS-c dosage - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected what the tesamorelin page said about use without HIV and higher doses. The tesamorelin page said it had not been tested for fat loss in people without HIV, and that no trial had tested a higher dose. A 12-month placebo-controlled trial in 60 adults with obesity and low growth hormone output found that it lowered deep belly fat, and a COPD trial that assigned people to 2 or 3 mg a day was stopped by its sponsor after 2 people had started. The page now cites both.
Tesamorelin - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected details on the sermorelin, thymosin alpha-1 and glutathione pages. The sermorelin page said one children’s trial gave it by continuous infusion; more than one did. The thymosin alpha-1 page now gives the full hepatitis B schedule, 0.8 mg six times a week for 2 weeks and then twice a week, and the exact median follow-up of the cirrhosis trial, 38.2 months. The glutathione page’s statement that we found no trial of shots under the skin now cites the search behind it.
Sermorelin · Thymosin alpha-1 · Glutathione - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedSources now read the same on every page. Where several pages cite the same source, they now give it the same title, publisher and date. The Google Trends links on the BPC-157, KPV, cagrilintide and semaglutide pages now open the chart each statement describes.
BPC-157 · KPV · Cagrilintide · Semaglutide - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to peptides for women. A new guide sets out which peptide drugs are approved for conditions in women, how women fared in the main weight-loss trials, what labels say about pregnancy, breastfeeding and birth control, and what is known about peptides for skin, libido, fertility and menopause, with sources.
Peptides for women - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for semax, selank and NAD+. New pages set out the doses on Russia’s semax and selank labels and the doses used in human studies, with the route, the length and the source. Two small 2026 reports are the only human studies of NAD+ shots, and neither has reported blood NAD+ levels. These pages record the labels and the research; they are not dosing advice.
Semax dosage · Selank dosage · NAD+ dosage - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected what the NAD+ page said about its trials and about shots. The NAD+ page called its heart-failure trial the only sizable one and said no human study had given NAD+ as a shot. It now also covers a 2024 trial of 50 mg doses in older adults with heart failure, a 2026 trial of daily 5 mg shots alongside treatment for sudden hearing loss, and two industry-sponsored preprints. No trial has shown that NAD+ works for energy or anti-aging.
NAD+ - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected study details on the selank and semax pages. The selank page now reports the 2014 comparison with phenazepam from its full text: fewer people responded to selank at 2 weeks, but more had responded a week after both drugs stopped. Neither selank paper says how the drug was given, and the semax page no longer says a 1997 stroke study used nose drops, because its summary does not say.
Selank · Semax - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dihexa and Cerebrolysin. New pages cover dihexa, which has never been tested in people and whose inventors had a key paper retracted for falsified data, and Cerebrolysin, a drug made from pig brain that nine EU countries approve, whose largest stroke trial missed its main goal. Both join the focus and sleep ranking.
Dihexa · Cerebrolysin - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded SS-31 (elamipretide). A new page covers SS-31, sold online for ‘mitochondrial’ energy and anti-aging. As elamipretide, FDA approved it in 2025 only for Barth syndrome, a rare inherited disease, although its own reviewers recommended against approval; its one trial in older adults gave a single drip and found only a borderline effect on a lab measure. It joins the longevity ranking.
SS-31 (elamipretide) - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded Lilly’s court case over whether retatrutide is a biologic. The retatrutide page now explains Lilly’s lawsuit against FDA over whether retatrutide counts as a biological product, which bears on market exclusivity and compounding. A court sent part of the question back to FDA in 2025, and an appeal was argued on 24 September 2026.
Retatrutide - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedTrimmed what users report to dose and frequency. The notes on what users report, on 22 compound pages, now give only the dose range, how often and the route that a community page lists. They no longer repeat the course lengths, on-and-off cycles, step-up schedules, timing or combinations those pages give, so the notes cannot be read as a protocol.
AOD-9604 · BPC-157 · CJC-1295 · DSIP (emideltide) · Epitalon · GHK-Cu · Glutathione · Ipamorelin · Kisspeptin · KPV · LL-37 · Melanotan II · MK-677 (ibutamoren) · MOTS-c · NAD+ · PT-141 (bremelanotide) · Selank · Semax · Sermorelin · TB-500 - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected study details on the PT-141, MK-677 and CJC-1295 pages. The PT-141 page now says that in early studies of men, injected doses above 1.0 mg and nasal doses above 7 mg produced a significant erectile response. The MK-677 page now says the dialysis study gave the drug for 1 month, not 3, and no longer says no independent tests are public, since it cites two. The CJC-1295 page no longer says the form without DAC was never developed as a drug, which no source states.
PT-141 (bremelanotide) · MK-677 (ibutamoren) · CJC-1295 - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for PT-141, MK-677 and CJC-1295. New pages set out the one dose on the Vyleesi label for PT-141 with its daily and monthly limits, the 2 to 50 mg daily doses used in MK-677 trials with the blood sugar and heart failure findings at 25 mg, and the doses of CJC-1295 tested in published studies. These pages record the labels and the research; they are not dosing advice.
PT-141 dosage · MK-677 dosage · CJC-1295 dosage - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded survodutide and mazdutide. New pages cover two weekly injections that act like GLP-1 and glucagon at once. Survodutide, from Boehringer Ingelheim, cut weight by 12.2% to 13.0% over 76 weeks in adults without diabetes but is not approved anywhere. Mazdutide is approved in China as Xinermei but not in the US. Both join the weight-loss ranking.
Survodutide · Mazdutide · Best for weight loss - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded oxytocin and thymalin. A new page covers oxytocin, approved in the US as Pitocin for labor, and the nasal sprays sold for bonding, calm and libido, whose trials are mostly small with mixed results. Another covers thymalin, a Russian prescription drug made from calf thymus glands, whose human trials are small and mostly run by its developers. Oxytocin joins the focus and sleep and the sexual health rankings; thymalin joins the immune and longevity rankings.
Oxytocin · Thymalin · Best for focus and sleep · Best for libido · Best for immune support · Best for longevity - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded BPC-157 vs GHK-Cu and ipamorelin vs MK-677. Two new comparisons set out what human studies show for each pair. Neither BPC-157 nor GHK-Cu has been shown to heal injuries in people, and no study has tested them together. MK-677 has the larger human record, including raised blood sugar and a trial stopped over heart failure, while ipamorelin’s published human studies lasted at most 7 days.
BPC-157 vs GHK-Cu · Ipamorelin vs MK-677 · All comparisons - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected GHK-Cu’s compounding history and two Australian statuses. The GHK-Cu page now says FDA added non-injectable GHK-Cu back to Category 1 in May 2026, rather than that it said it would. The retatrutide and cagrilintide pages now say neither is named in Australia’s Poisons Standard in force from 1 October 2026, where they had said their Australian status was not verified.
GHK-Cu · Retatrutide · Cagrilintide - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide). A new page covers VIP, sold in the US as a pharmacy-made nasal spray for mold illness (CIRS). No placebo-controlled trial has tested that use, and as the IV drug aviptadil it did not improve recovery or survival in a 461-patient trial in COVID-19 lung failure. It joins the immune ranking.
VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) · Best for immune support - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded a guide to peptide blends. A new guide covers blends such as KLOW, GLOW and the Wolverine stack: what regulators and sellers say the vials contain, the human evidence for each ingredient, why side effects are harder to trace in a mixture, and their legal status. No published human study has tested any of these blends.
Peptide blends - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected details on the TB-500, tesamorelin and ipamorelin pages. The TB-500 page and the BPC-157 vs TB-500 comparison no longer say a 2021 knee-pain chart review did not name its second peptide: the paper calls it thymosin beta-4. The tesamorelin page now cites only the warning letter that named the BIMORELIN blend, and the ipamorelin page now says both of FDA’s August 2026 warning letters rejected research-use labels.
TB-500 · BPC-157 vs TB-500 · Tesamorelin · Ipamorelin - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded liraglutide and orforglipron. New pages cover liraglutide, the daily injection sold as Saxenda and Victoza, which FDA’s shortage list says will be discontinued as Saxenda in January 2027, and orforglipron, Lilly’s daily weight-loss pill approved as Foundayo in April 2026, which is a small drug molecule rather than a peptide. Both join the weight-loss ranking.
Liraglutide · Orforglipron · Best for weight loss - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedHead-to-head trials now break ties in the goal rankings. When compounds tie on evidence and approval, the goal rankings now place peptides ahead of non-peptide drugs and then follow any trial that compared the two directly, listed under “How we ranked them”. On the weight-loss ranking, tirzepatide now comes before semaglutide, which in turn comes before liraglutide, as their head-to-head trials found.
Best for weight loss · Peptides by goal - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded melanotan I (afamelanotide). A new page covers melanotan I, which is afamelanotide, the drug in Scenesse, an implant FDA approved in 2019 for a rare disorder that makes sunlight painful. Small placebo-controlled trials found its injections darkened skin, but the ‘MT1’ vials sold online for tanning are not approved, and no trial has tested them. It now heads the skin and tanning ranking, where its evidence is the strongest.
Melanotan I (afamelanotide) · Best for skin and tanning - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded GHRP-2, GHRP-6 and hexarelin. New pages cover three growth hormone-releasing peptides sold online for muscle gain and fat loss. GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) is approved in Japan only as a one-dose test for growth hormone deficiency, GHRP-6’s largest trials paired it with another drug in stroke, and hexarelin’s effect on growth hormone faded with daily use. No controlled trial has tested any of them for muscle gain or fat loss, and all three are banned in sport.
GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) · GHRP-6 · Hexarelin · Best for growth hormone - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCompleted the legal tracker’s list of FDA-approved peptides. The legal tracker’s list of FDA-approved peptides left out liraglutide, oxytocin and elamipretide (SS-31), although their own pages show them as approved. It now names them, along with the newly added afamelanotide (melanotan I), and its sport section names GHRP-2, GHRP-6 and hexarelin among the peptides WADA bans.
Legal tracker - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for melanotan II, KPV and dihexa. New dose pages set out the doses that human studies used, or say plainly that there are none. Melanotan II’s three small studies in men gave doses set by body weight. No study has given KPV or dihexa to people; the KPV page covers the 0.1% cream FDA reviewed, and the dihexa page explains why trial doses of fosgonimeton, an injected prodrug, do not carry over.
Melanotan II dosage · KPV dosage · Dihexa dosage - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the melanotan II trial doses. The melanotan II page said both erectile dysfunction trials gave single 0.025 mg/kg injections. The 2000 trial gave that dose twice, and a 2007 review by the same research group says the 1998 trial gave doses from 0.025 to 0.157 mg/kg; both trials report their results at 0.025 mg/kg.
Melanotan II - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedPharmacy status now says when it is our reading. Where a page’s US pharmacy status rests on our reading of FDA’s rules rather than an FDA statement about the compound, its status label and summary now say so, as the page text already did. The cerebrolysin, thymalin, GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 pages changed, and our checker now holds every page to this rule.
Cerebrolysin · Thymalin · GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) · GHRP-6 · Best for focus and sleep · Legal tracker - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected who can request early access to retatrutide. The retatrutide pages said a defined group of patients could apply to Lilly for early access. Lilly reviews requests from health care providers, for adults with obesity that has not responded to treatment, and reports differ on the other criteria; the compound and dose pages now say so.
Retatrutide · Retatrutide dosage - 7 Oct 2026UpdatedAnswered more of the questions people search. The BPC-157 page now says what is known about its effect on the liver, the GHK-Cu page what it is used for, and the MOTS-c page what is known about its side effects. The retatrutide page now asks whether it is available yet and whether compounded or research-use-only retatrutide is legal, and the retatrutide vs tirzepatide page answers whether retatrutide is the same as Ozempic.
BPC-157 · GHK-Cu · MOTS-c · Retatrutide · Retatrutide vs tirzepatide - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionMade clear which studies are missing in people, not in animals. The GHK-Cu pages said no published study had tested injecting it, the CJC-1295 pages that no published study had measured fat loss, muscle or healing, and the VIP page that no study had tested injections under the skin. Mice and rats have been injected with GHK-Cu, and a study in mice that cannot make growth hormone-releasing hormone measured more lean mass and less fat under the skin with CJC-1295. The pages now say these studies are missing in people.
GHK-Cu · CJC-1295 · VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) · Peptide blends · What are peptides? - 7 Oct 2026NewAdded dose pages for AOD-9604, Epitalon, DSIP and Cerebrolysin. New dose pages set out the doses that human studies used, and say plainly that none is established where that is so. AOD-9604’s developer tested single infusions and daily tablets in 893 adults. Every published Epitalon study in people came from one Russian research network. DSIP trials gave doses into a vein by body weight, and the page covers the label of Russia’s Deltaran nose drops. Cerebrolysin is licensed in nine EU countries and dosed by volume; its page gives the maker’s courses and the doses in the largest stroke, brain injury and dementia trials.
AOD-9604 dosage · Epitalon dosage · DSIP dosage · Cerebrolysin dosage - 7 Oct 2026CorrectionCorrected the DSIP anesthesia study doses. The DSIP page said a 2009 anesthesia study gave single doses of 25, 50 or 100 nmol/kg. Each woman given DSIP had a dose while awake and another under anesthesia, and half of the 24 women were given saline. The page now also gives a 2014 nasal study’s dose in the study’s own unit, 0.0003 g a day, and the times to fall asleep in a 1987 trial as FDA reports them, 58.4 and 27.6 minutes.
DSIP (emideltide) - 5 Oct 2026NewOne page per compound, plus an evidence table, goal rankings and a legal tracker. Every compound now has its own address, and new pages compare all compounds in one table, rank them by goal and track their legal status.
All peptides · Peptides by goal · Best for weight loss · Best for healing · Best for skin and tanning · Best for growth hormone · Best for libido · Best for longevity · Legal tracker · About us · How we grade evidence · Editorial policy · Corrections - 5 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded a ‘Does it work?’ rating and four legal-status cells to every compound. Each compound page now says whether studies show it works for the use people mostly take it for, and gives its FDA, US pharmacy, sport and Australian status at a glance, each with its source.
BPC-157 · Cagrilintide · CJC-1295 · GHK-Cu · Glutathione · Ipamorelin · Melanotan II · MOTS-c · NAD+ · PT-141 (bremelanotide) · Retatrutide · Semaglutide · Sermorelin · TB-500 · Tesamorelin · Tirzepatide - 5 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded the Greenwich Rx glutathione recall of 1 October 2026. The glutathione page now covers Greenwich Rx’s recall of 10 lots of glutathione vials over possible bacterial toxins and says at least three Texas pharmacies recalled vials in 2026.
Glutathione - 5 Oct 2026UpdatedAdded Health Canada’s second Apo-Semaglutide recall. The semaglutide page now notes that on 25 September 2026 Health Canada posted a second Apo-Semaglutide recall, for one lot of the 4 mg pen that may show and deliver a 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg dose instead of 1 mg.
Semaglutide - 5 Oct 2026UpdatedUpdated the date of FDA’s unapproved GLP-1 drugs page on four compound pages. The cagrilintide, retatrutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide pages now cite FDA’s page on unapproved GLP-1 drugs as current on 1 October 2026, and the statements they quote from it are unchanged.
Cagrilintide · Retatrutide · Semaglutide · Tirzepatide - 5 Oct 2026NewAdded Epitalon and DSIP (emideltide). New pages on Epitalon, sold for longevity, and DSIP, sold for sleep. Each grades the human evidence, says whether studies show it works and gives its FDA, US pharmacy, sport and Australian status, with sources. A new goal page ranks the peptides sold for brain and sleep.
Epitalon · DSIP (emideltide) · Best for focus and sleep - 1 Oct 2026NewFirst edition: 16 compound pages and the 2026 briefing. Published the first 16 compound pages, the 2026 gray-market briefing and the People Also Ask index.
BPC-157 · Cagrilintide · CJC-1295 · GHK-Cu · Glutathione · Ipamorelin · Melanotan II · MOTS-c · NAD+ · PT-141 (bremelanotide) · Retatrutide · Semaglutide · Sermorelin · TB-500 · Tesamorelin · Tirzepatide · 2026 briefing